Invertebrates

A broad term that encompasses both marine and terrestrial animals lacking a backbone.

Invertebrates are organisms that lack a backbone. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Benthic invertebrates typically live on the seafloor; common examples include cephalopods (squid, octopus, nautilus), crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, lobsters), and mollusks (clams, barnacles). Many benthic invertebrates serve as indicators of ecosystem health and are harvested commercially around the world. Invertebrates that may be found on land include insects, worms, and arachnids.

Electromagnetic fields, noise pollution, changes in flow, and other impacts from offshore developments may affect the health of some benthic invertebrates. Changes in water quality may also alter benthic habitats and the organisms that reside within them negatively. However, the addition of offshore wind energy and marine renewable energy’s subsea cables and support structures to the seafloor may also provide new habitat, potentially acting as artificial reefs and attracting benthic invertebrates. Invertebrates found on land, such as insects, may be attracted to land-based wind energy's lighting and as a result, may be at a heightened risk of collision. 

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 743
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Revisiting ocean thermal energy conversion Fujita, R., Markham, A., Diaz, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC Changes in Flow, Entanglement Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Siting Study for a Hydrokinetic Energy Project Located Offshore Southeastern Florida: Protocols for Survey Methodology for Offshore Marine Hydrokinetic Energy Projects Dehlsen Associates Report Marine Energy Habitat Change Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Effects of Noise on Fish, Fisheries, and Invertebrates in the U.S. Atlantic and Arctic from Energy Industry Sound-Generating Activities Hawkins, A., Popper, A. Report Marine Energy Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Benthic Communities on Hard Substrates of the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ) Bouma, S., Lengkeek, W. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Large Scale Interactive Coupled 3D Modelled for Wave and Tidal Energy Resource and Environmental Impact (TeraWatt) Heath, M., Harris, R., McKee, D. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Collision, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Yaquina Bay, Oregon Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Sites Evaluations Study and Environmental Assessment US Army Corps of Engineers, US Environmental Protection Agency Report Changes in Flow Invertebrates
Subtidal Benthic Video and Benthic Infauna Survey and Intertidal Cable Crossing Survey MER Assessment Corporation Report Tidal, Marine Energy Habitat Change Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Assessing Wave Energy Effects on Biodiversity: The Wave Hub Experience Witt, M., Sheehan, E., Broderick, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Quantifying Benefits and Impacts of Fishing Exclusion Zones on Bio-Resources around Marine Renewable Energy Installations (QBEX) Blondel, P., Bryden, I., Conley, D. Research Study Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Collision, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Linking land- and sea-based activities to risk in coastal ecosystems Samhouri, J., Levin, P. Journal Article Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Offshore wind energy development in the Belgian part of the North Sea & anticipated impacts: an update Brabant, R., Degraer, S., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Environmental Impact Assessment of the Danish Wave Energy Center Margheritini, L., Azzellino, A. Research Study Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow, EMF, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life Popper, A., Hawkins, A. Book Noise Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
MeyGen Tidal Energy Project Phase 1: Environmental Statement MeyGen Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fish, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
National Status and Trends Data Portal Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment Website Physical Environment, Invertebrates
Ecological role of large benthic decapods in marine ecosystems: a review Boudreau, S., Worm, B. Journal Article Marine Energy Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Heading for an Understanding of Environmental Impacts Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Baseline Characterization and Monitoring of Oregon State University’s Ocean Test Facility Site Henkel, S., Ciannelli, L., Barth, J. Report Marine Energy Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Fish
Characterization of Benthic Conditions and Organisms on the Oregon South Coast in areas targeted for Wave Energy Development Henkel, S. Report Marine Energy, Wave Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan (MEMP): Ecological Analysis Data Wells, R., Shenton, S. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Low-Frequency Sounds Induce Acoustic Trauma in Cephalopods André, M., Solé, M., Lenoir, M. Journal Article Noise Invertebrates
Results of the EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment of the extraction of marine aggregates in the exploration zone of the Belgian Part of the North Sea De Sutter, R., Mathys, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Social & Economic Data
Marine Ecological Assessment of Proposed Wave Energy Project Area Offshore Marine Corps Base Hawaii Smith, S. Report Marine Energy, Wave Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Guidance on Survey and Monitoring in Relation to Marine Renewable Deployments in Scotland - Draft Reports Royal Haskoning Report Marine Energy Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Effects on Freshwater Organisms of Magnetic Fields Associated with Hydrokinetic Turbines Cada, G., Bevelhimer, M., Riemer, K. Report Riverine, Marine Energy EMF Invertebrates, Fish
Understanding Benthic Productivity on Artificial Structures: Maximising the Benefit of Marine Renewable Energy Devices Porter, J., Rouse, S., Wilding, T. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Collision, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Effects of EMFs from Undersea Power Cables on Elasmobranchs and other Marine Species Normandeau Associates Inc, Exponent Inc., Tricas, T. Report EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Temporal Variability in the Benthos: Does the Sea Floor Function Differently over Time? Frid, C. Journal Article Invertebrates
Making Marine Renewable Energy Mainstream Murray, M. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Insect Attraction to Wind Turbines: Does Colour Play a Role? Long, C., Flint, J., Lepper, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction Invertebrates, Birds, Bats
Characterizing and monitoring marine nekton at Puget Sound’s renewable energy site Horne, J., Parker-Stetter, S., Polagye, B. Journal Article Marine Energy Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Hebridean Marine Energy Futures (HMEF) Christie, D., Vögler, A., Morrison, J. Research Study Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow Birds, Seabirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Oregon Dungeness Crab Tagging Study Hildenbrand, K., Gladics, A., Eder, B. Report Wave, Marine Energy Invertebrates
State of the Washington Coast: Ecology, Management, and Research Priorities Skewgar, E., Dethier, M., Pearson, S. Report Marine Energy Chemicals Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
An Assessment of the Conservation Importance of Species and Habitats Identified During a Series of Recent Research Cruises around Scotland Moore, C., Roberts, J. Report Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
FORCE Environmental Effects Monitoring Report September 2009 to January 2011 Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Report Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Offshore Wind Farms - Ecological Effects of Noise and Habitat Alteration on Fish Andersson, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Fish, Demersal Fish
Flow, Water Column & Benthic Ecology 4D (FLOWBEC) Blondel, P., Bryden, I., Conley, D. Research Study Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow Birds, Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Selected findings from the baseline and targeted monitoring Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
A Quantitative, Non-Destructive Methodology for Habitat Characterisation and Benthic Monitoring at Offshore Renewable Energy Developments Sheehan, E., Stevens, T., Attrill, M. Journal Article Marine Energy Physical Environment, Invertebrates
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