Bats

Mammals with webbed wings capable of true flight.

Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera that can be divided into major groups. Megachiroptera are medium to large-sized bats that typically eat fruit, pollen, or nectar, while some eat small land animals or fish. Microchiroptera are smaller bats that typically eat insects. Bats are the only mammals capable of true flight thanks to their membranous wings and are considered at risk from collision with both land-based and offshore wind turbines.

While little is known about bats’ abilities to avoid artificial structures, they have been observed avoiding offshore wind turbines by increasing their flight altitudes while foraging. However, artificial lighting may attract insects toward wind energy turbines, which may encourage bats to remain in the vicinity. Collision risk remains the most common concern regarding bats and land-based wind and offshore wind energy.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 1090
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Final Report Bird and Bat Fatality Studies Fowler Ridge I Wind-Energy Facility Benton County, Indiana: April 6 - October 30, 2009 Johnson, G., Ritzert, M., Nomani, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Bats are not birds and other problems with Sovacool's (2009) analysis of animal fatalities due to electricity generation Willis, C., Barclay, R., Boyles, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Attraction Birds, Bats
Megawatts are not megawatt-hours and other responses to Willis et al. Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Are Flying Wildlife Attracted to (or do they Avoid) Wind Turbines? Larkin, R. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Wind Turbine Guidelines Advisory Committee Recommendations US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Fish
Wind Turbine Interactions with Birds, Bats, and their Habitats: A Summary of Research Results and Priority Questions National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Bat Acoustic Studies for the Pleasant Ridge Wind Resource Area - Livingston County, Illinois - Final Report July 15 - October 21, 2009 Good, R., Ritzert, J., Gruver, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Avian, bat and habitat cumulative impacts associated with wind energy development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion of Eastern Washington and Oregon Johnson, G., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Use of forest edges by bats in a managed pine forest landscape Morris, A., Miller, D., Kalcounis-Rueppell, M. Journal Article Bats
Incidence and Management of Live and Injured Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Klug, B., Baerwald, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Best Management Practices for Bats in New Mexico Balistreri, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Post‐Construction Bat and Bird Fatality Study at the Blue Sky Green Field Wind Energy Center, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin: July 21, 2008 – October 31, 2008 and March 15, 2009 – June 4, 2009 Gruver, J., Sonnenburg, M., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Behavior of Scandinavian Bats During Migration and Foraging at Sea Ahlén, I., Baagøe, H., Bach, L. Journal Article Bats
Bats on the move Popa-Lisseanu, A., Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Differences in bat activity in relation to bat detector height: implications for bat surveys at proposed windfarm sites Collins, J., Jones, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Causes of Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines: Hypotheses and Predictions Cryan, P., Barclay, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Geographic Variation in Activity and Fatality of Migratory Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Baerwald, E., Barclay, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
2009 Spring, Summer, and Fall Avian and Bat Surveys Stantec Consulting Report Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Ripley Wind Power Project Post-Construction Monitoring Report Jacques Whitford Stantec Limited Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Challenges and Solutions of Remote Sensing at Offshore Wind Energy Developments Kelly, T., West, T., Davenport, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Interim summary: bat acoustic monitoring at the proposed Blue Creek Wind Farm, Paulding and Van Wert County, Ohio BHE Environmental Inc Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Port Elizabeth Wind Energy Facility Avifaunal and Bat Impact Assessment Strugnell, L., Smallie, J., Patterson-Abrolat, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds, Bats
Post-Construction Avian Monitoring Study for the Shiloh I Wind Power Project Solano County, California Kerlinger, P., Curry, R., Culp, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds, Bats
2008/2009 Annual Report for the Buena Vista Avian and Bat Monitoring Project Insignia Environmental Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Avian and Bat Fatality Rates at Old-Generation and Repowered Wind Turbines in California Smallwood, K., Karas, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds, Bats
A Large-Scale Mitigation Experiment to Reduce Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities Baerwald, E., Edworthy, J., Holder, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Deadly Flights Curry, A. Magazine Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
The Aversive Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on Foraging Bats—A Possible Means of Discouraging Bats from Approaching Wind Turbines Nicholls, B., Racey, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, EMF Bats
The Aversive Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on Foraging Bats - A Possible Means of Discouraging Bats from Approaching Wind Turbines Nicholls, B., Racey, P. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF Bats
Interim Report: Post-Construction Bat and Bird Fatality Study Blue Sky Green Field Wind Resource Area Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin Gruver, J., Bay, K., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wind Power Plants and the Conservation of Birds and Bats in Spain: A Geographical Assessment Telleria, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Bats
Bats and Onshore Wind Farms: Site-by-Site Assessment and Post-Construction Monitoring Protocols Catherine, C., Spray, S. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Contextualizing Avian Mortality: A Preliminary Appraisal of Bird and Bat Fatalities from Wind, Fossil-Fuel, and Nuclear Electricity Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Patterns of Bat Fatality at the Casselman Wind Project in South-Central Pennsylvania: 2008 Annual Report Arnett, E., Schirmacher, M., Huso, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Proceedings of the Wind Wildlife Research Meeting VII Schwartz, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Birds, Bats and Coastal Wind Farm Development in Maine: A Literature Review Goodale, W., Divoll, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Annual Report for the Maple Ridge Wind Power Project Postconstruction Bird and Bat Fatality Study - 2007 Jain, A., Kerlinger, P., Curry, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
On-Shore Bird and Bat Pre- and Post-Construction Monitoring Protocol for Commercial Wind Energy Facilities in Ohio: An Addendum to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Voluntary Cooperative Agreement Ohio Department of Natural Resources Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Oregon's High Desert and Wind Energy: Opportunities and Strategies for Responsible Development Oregon Natural Desert Association Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Portland General Electric Biglow Canyon Wind Farm Phase I Post-Construction Avian and Bat Monitoring First Annual Report Sherman County, Oregon: January, 2008 - December, 2008 Jeffrey, J., Bay, K., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
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