United States of America

United States of America (USA) is located in North America, covers 9,833,517 km2 (3,796,742 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 333 million people (UN data, 2021). The USA’s primary energy production is 25,245 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 79 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 38% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). The USA is home to 1,841 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

The USA is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. The USA had 2 policy and 6 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

The USA is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. The USA had a total installed wind power capacity of 144.2 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 8.30 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2255
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Searcher Efficiency and Survey Coverage Affect Precision of Fatality Estimates Reyes, G., Lindke, K., Ayres, K. Journal Article Wind Energy
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Summer 2016 Target Extraction Summary Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Public views on renewable energy in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States: Distinct attitudes, exposure, and other key predictors of wind energy Olson-Hazboun, S., Krannich, R., Robertson, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Quarterly Report for Aquatic Sampling: Project Icebreaker Pre-Construction Monitoring 3rd Quarter Verhamme, E., Daley, J., Cutrell, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Summary of Fall 2016 Digital Survey #2 Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Collision and Displacement Vulnerability Among Marine Birds of the California Current System Associated with Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure Adams, J., Kelsey, E., Felis, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Interactions of Aquatic Animals with the ORPC OCGen in Cobscook Bay, Maine: Monitoring Behavior Change and Assessing the Probability of Encounter with a Deployed MHK Device Zydlewski, G., Staines, G., Viehman, H. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Fish
Northeast Ocean Plan Northeast Regional Planning Body Report Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Studying cetacean behaviour: new technological approaches and conservation applications Nowacek, D., Christiansen, F., Bejder, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore New York Revised Environmental Assessment Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Semi-Active Control of Sound Radiated From an Elastic Circular Plate Integrated With Adaptive Tuned Vibration Absorbers Hemmatian, M., Sedaghati, R. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Ocean sprawl: challenges and opportunities for biodiversity management in a changing world Firth, L., Knights, A., Bridger, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions
National Offshore Wind Strategy: Facilitating the Development of the Offshore Wind Industry in the United States Gilman, P., Maurer, B., Feinberg, L. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Wind energy, nest success, and post‐fledging survival of Buteo hawks Kolar, P., Bechard, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Raptors, Birds
Landscape design: Integrating ecological, social, and economic considerations into conservation planning Bartuszevige, A., Taylor, K., Daniels, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Predicting the offshore distribution and abundance of marine birds with a hierarchical community distance sampling model Goyert, H., Gardner, B., Sollmann, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Media and policy in a complex adaptive system: Insights from wind energy legislation in the United States Smith, H., Smith, J., Silka, L. Journal Article Wind Energy Social & Economic Data, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Evaluating Digital VHF Technology to Monitor Shorebird and Seabird Use of Offshore Wind Energy Areas in the Western North Atlantic Loring, P. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision Shorebirds, Seabirds, Birds
The Effects of Artificial Structures on Estuarine Infaunal Communities and Offshore Biofouling Communities Mendoza, M. Thesis Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Assessing potential spatial and temporal conflicts in Washington's marine waters Freeman, M., Whiting, L., Kelley, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Impacts of climate change and renewable energy development on habitat of an endemic squirrel, Xerospermophilus mohavensis, in the Mojave Desert, USA Inman, R., Esque, T., Nussear, K. Journal Article Terrestrial Mammals
Patterns of Benthic Mega-Invertebrate Habitat Associations in the Pacific Northwest Continental Shelf Waters: A Reassessment Hemery, L., Henkel, S. Journal Article Invertebrates
Predicting Eagle Fatalities at Wind Facilities Bay, K., Nasman, K., Erickson, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Summary of Summer 2016 Digital Survey #1 Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Quarterly Report for Aquatic Sampling: Project Icebreaker Pre-Construction Monitoring 2nd Quarter Verhamme, E., Daley, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta X Wind Energy Project, Kern County, California. Final Report for the Second Year of Operation: April 2015 – April 2016 Thompson, J., Boyd, C., Lombardi, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Geographic Origins and Population Genetics of Bats Killed at Wind-Energy Facilities Pylant, C., Nelson, D., Fitzpatrick, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats
Marine Biogeographic Assessment of the Main Hawaiian Islands Costa, B., Kendall, M. Report Seabirds, Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish, Demersal Fish, Birds
Appendix O Summary of Current Information Related to Electromagnetic Field Impacts on Fish and LEEDCo Proposed Transmission Cable Verhamme, E., Daley, J., Peterson, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Estimating the probability of fish encountering a marine hydrokinetic device Shen, H., Zydlewski, G., Viehman, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
Effect of magnetic pulses on Caribbean spiny lobsters: implications for magnetoreception Ernst, D., Lohmann, K. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Black - billed Cuckoo Conservation Plan for the California Ridge Wind Energy Project Champaign and Vermilion Counties, Illinois Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Assessment of Diurnal Wind Turbine Collision Risk for Grassland Birds on the Southern Great Plains Wulff, S., Butler, M., Ballard, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Guidelines for Conducting Bird and Bat Studies at Commercial Wind Energy Projects New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Final Environmental Impact Statement Na Pua Makani Wind Project and Habitat Conservation Plan Case, S., Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Aerial-Hawking Bats Can Glean Prey Items From Surfaces Similar to Wind Turbine Towers: Implications for Reducing Bat Fatalities at Wind Facilities Jarzombek, L. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Attraction Bats
Surface Texture Discrimination by Bats: Implications for Reducing Bat Mortality at Wind Turbines Bienz, C. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Attraction Bats
Reproductive success of Horned Lark and McCown's Longspur in relation to wind energy infrastructure Mahoney, A., Chalfoun, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Passerines, Birds
Collaborative Fisheries Planning for Virginia's Offshore Wind Energy Area Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Modeling At-Sea Occurrence and Abundance of Marine Birds to Support Atlantic Marine Renewable Energy Planning: Phase 1 Report Kinlan, B., Winship, A., White, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
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