United Kingdom

The United Kingdom (UK) is located in Northern Europe, covers 242,495 km2 (93,628 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 68.2 million people (UN data, 2021). The UK’s primary energy production is 1,422 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 30 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 39% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). The UK is home to 181 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

The UK is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. The UK had 4 policy and 8 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

The UK is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. The UK had a total installed wind power capacity of 28.7 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 3.01 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 1309
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Bombora mWave Demonstration Project Bombora Wave Power Project Site Marine Energy, Wave
North Falls Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Report North Falls Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Far-Field Effects of Impulsive Noise on Coastal Bottlenose Dolphins Fernandez-Betelu, O., Graham, I., Brookes, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Tidal stream use by black guillemots Cepphus grylle in relation to a marine renewable energy development Johnston, D., Furness, R., Robbins, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Beatrice Offshore Windfarm - Post-construction Cod Spawning Survey - Technical Report Beatrice Offshore Windfarm Limited Report Wind Energy Fish
Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction Benhemma-Le Gall, A., Graham, I., Merchant, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions
Combining acoustic tracking and hydrodynamic modelling to study migratory behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts on entry into high-energy coastal waters McIlvenny, J., Youngson, A., Williamson, B. Journal Article Fish
Mocean Wave Energy Converter: Blue Horizon Mocean Energy Project Site Marine Energy, Wave
Scenicness assessment of onshore wind sites with geotagged photographs and impacts on approval and cost-efficiency McKenna, R., Weinand, J., Mulalic, I. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Beatrice Offshore Windfarm - Post-Construction Benthic Survey Methodology APEM Ltd Report Wind Energy Physical Environment
Wave energy in the UK: Status review and future perspectives Jin, S., Greaves, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
What international framework to support the sustainable exploitation of marine energy and mineral resources? Willemez, A. Book Chapter Marine Energy Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Resolving Key Uncertainties of Seabird Flight and Avoidance Behaviours at Offshore Wind Farms: Annual report for April 2020 – October 2020 Tjørnløv, R., Skov, H., Armitage, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Acoustic risk balancing by marine mammals: anthropogenic noise can influence the foraging decisions by seals Hastie, G., Lepper, P., McKnight, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Spatial and temporal analysis of cumulative environmental effects of offshore wind farms in the North Sea basin Gusatu, L., Menegon, S., Depellegrin, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Beatrice Offshore Windfarm - Post-construction Sandeel Survey - Technical Report Beatrice Offshore Windfarm Limited Report Wind Energy Displacement Fish
Words and Waves: Ecological Dialogism as an Approach to Discourse, Community, and Marine Renewable Energy in Orkney Ford, R. Thesis Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
A bird's-eye view on turbulence: seabird foraging associations with evolving surface flow features Lieber, L., Langrock, R., Nimmo-Smith, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Changes in Flow Birds, Seabirds
Construction Marine Mammal Monitoring Programme Fieldwork Report 2020 Graham, I.M., Cheney, B.J., Hewitt, R.C. Report Wind Energy Marine Mammals
Orbital Marine Power O2 at EMEC Orbital Marine Power Project Site Marine Energy, Tidal
Evaluating the eutrophication risk of an artificial tidal lagoon Kadiri, M., Zhang, H., Angeloudis, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Water Quality
Migratory movements of British and Irish Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna: a review of ringing data and a pilot tracking study to inform potential interactions with offshore wind farms in the North Sea Green, R., Burton, N., Cook, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Waterfowl
Engaging the Fishing Industry in Marine Environmental Survey and Monitoring Pasco, G., James, B., Burke, L. Report Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
The Use of Animal-Borne Biologging and Telemetry Data to Quantify Spatial Overlap of Wildlife with Marine Renewables Isaksson, N., Cleasby, I., Owen, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Application of a multibeam echosounder to document changes in animal movement and behaviour around a tidal turbine structure Williamson, B., Blondel, P., Williamson, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Drivers of European bat population change: a review reveals evidence gaps Browning, E., Barlow, K., Burns, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Peaks in bat activity at turbines and the implications for mitigating the impact of wind energy developments on bats Richardson, S., Lintott, P., Hosken, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Insights and recommendations for involving young people in decision making for the marine environment Devenport, E., Brooker, E., Brooker, A. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Hornsea Three Environmental Monitoring Plan for Impacts Associated with Cable Protection Royal Haskoning DHV Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
A new method to estimate the economic activity supported by offshore wind: A hypothetical extraction study for the United Kingdom Allan, G., Connolly, K. , McGregor, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Kincardine Offshore Wind Farm Vestas Wind Systems A/S Project Site Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind
Delivering Net Zero: the role of Offshore Renewable Energy A COP26 Briefing note prepared by the Supergen Offshore Renewable Energy Hub Greaves, D., Richards, L., White, D. Report Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind
Exploring the role of offshore wind in restoring priority marine habitats Robertson, M., Locke, S., Uttley, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment Orkney Islands Council Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Balancing risks of injury and disturbance to marine mammals when pile driving at offshore windfarms Thompson, P., Graham, I., Cheney, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Vulnerability of northern gannets to offshore wind farms; seasonal and sex-specific collision risk and demographic consequences Lane, J., Jeavons, R., Deakin, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Moray East Construction Survey Summary Report Moray Offshore Wind Farm (East) Limited Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Scapa Flow Scale Test Site Gravity Base Anchors: Marine Licence Application - Supporting Document European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Report Marine Energy, Wave
Seiche to Monitor Impact on Marine Mammals at Hornsea Two Construction ON&T Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
The regional economic impacts of offshore wind energy developments in Scotland Connolly, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
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