Using Ultraviolet Light To Deter Bats From Wind Turbines—Short Science Summary

Bat

One hypothesis seeking to explain why bats collide with wind turbines is that bats, while relying on visual cues during open-air flight, mistake turbine silhouettes as trees. As a result, bats become attracted to the wind turbine in anticipation of foraging, roosting, and/or mating opportunities. As a technique to disrupt this attraction, a series of studies (including ongoing research) have investigated whether illuminating wind turbines with ultraviolet (UV) light (visible to bats but not humans) would make them visually distinct from trees to the point that bats would no longer confuse the two. During tests in a natural setting, bats appeared to exhibit a slightly negative response to UV-lit trees; however, during testing at wind turbines, there was no significant difference in bat activity between UV-lit and non-UV-lit turbines. At present, there is no strong evidence that UV illumination either deters (or attracts) bats, and existing evidence remains inconclusive. Current and future research should investigate the efficacy of UV illuminance with study designs that focus on increased sample sizes while monitoring for any potentially unanticipated negative effects to the environment when adding stimuli such as UV lights, which may, for example, attract insects.

Using Ultraviolet Light To Deter Bats From Wind Turbines—Short Science Summary

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wildlife and Renewable Energy: German Politics Cross Migratory Bats Voigt, C., Lehnert, L., Petersons, G., Adorf, F., Bach, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Design and Testing of an Integrated Wildlife-Wind Turbine Interactions Detection System Flowers, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Estimates and Correlates of Bird and Bat Mortality at Small Wind Turbine Sites Minderman, J., Fuentes-Montemayor, E., Pearce-Higgins, J., Pendlebury, C., Park, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
How to Mitigate Impacts of Wind Farms on Bats? A Review of Potential Conservation Measures in the European Context Peste, F., Paula, A., Pinto da Silva, P., Bernardino, J., Pereira, P., Mascarenhas, M., Costa, H., Vieira, J., Bastos, C., Fonseca, C., Pereira, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
First Report on Bat Mortalities on Wind Farms in Chile Escobar, L., Juarez, C., Medina-Vogel, G., Gonzalez, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Review and guidance on use of “shutdown-on-demand” for wind turbines to conserve migrating soaring birds in the Rift Valley/Red Sea Flyway BirdLife International Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
First Year Post-Construction Monitoring of Bats and Birds at Wind Turbine Test Centre Østerild Therkildsen, O., Elmeros, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Observations from the Use of Dogs to Undertake Carcass Searches at Wind Facilities in Australia Bennett, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Fauna Collisions with Wind Turbines: Effects and Impacts, Individuals and Populations. What Are We Trying to Assess? Smales, I. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Species composition and mortality of bats at the Osorio Wind Farm, southern Brazil Barros, M., de Magalhaes, R., Rui, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Empirical Evidence for Factors Affecting Searcher Efficiency and Scavenging Rates at a Coastal, Terrestrial Wind-Power Facility Peters, K., Mizrahi, D., Allen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy for Invenergy's Pleasant Ridge Wind Project Invenergy Canada Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Activity of Tree Bats at Anthropogenic Tall Structures: Implications for Mortality of Bats at Wind Turbines Jameson, J., Willis, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Warning Sounds and Color for Reducing Bird and Bat Mortality at Wind Turbines Khan, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Behavior of Bats at Wind Turbines Cryan, P., Gorresen, P., Hein, C., Schirmacher, M., Diehl, R., Huso, M., Hayman, D., Fricker, P., Bonaccorso, F., Johnson, D., Heist, K., Dalton, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement Bats
Wind and Wildlife Fauna Collisions with Wind Turbines: Effects and Impacts, Individuals and Populations. What Are We Trying to Assess? Smales, I. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Massive Bat Migration Across the Alps: Implications for Wind Energy Development Bontadina, F., Beck, A., Dietrich, A., Dobner, M., Eicher, C., Frey-Ehrenbold, A., Krainer, K., Loecher, F., Maerki, K., Mattei-Roesli, M., Mixanig, H., Plank, M., Vorauer, A., Wegleitner, S., Widerin, K., Wieser, D., Wimmer, B., Reiter, G. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
The challenges and possible solutions of horizontal axis wind turbines as a clean energy solution for the future Ahmed, N., Cameron, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds
Origins and Migratory Patterns of Bats Killed by Wind Turbines in Southern Alberta: Evidence from Stable Isotopes Baerwald, E., Patterson, W., Barclay, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Wind Farm Facilities in Germany Kill Noctule Bats from Near and Far Lehnert, L., Kramer-Schadt, S., Schonborn, S., Lindecke, O., Niermann, I., Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Historical Challenges of Wind Energy/Wildlife Interactions: How This May Affect Distributed Wind Sinclair, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Assessing Bat and Bird Fatality Risk at Wind Farm Sites using Acoustic Detectors Heist, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Red Aviation Lights on Wind Turbines do not Increase Bat-Turbine Collisions Hale, A., Bennett, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Lighting, Collision Bats
Fuzzy Clustering in Avian Infrared Imagery Application Mirzaei, G., Ross, J., Jamali, M., Gorsevski, P., Bingman, V. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
A Comment on "Bats Killed in Large Numbers at United States Wind Energy Facilities" Huso, M., Dalthorp, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Applying Research to Conservation: Science-Based Strategies Can Save Bats at Wind Farms Baerwald, E., Barclay, R. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Grande Prairie Wind Farm Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Hatchet Ridge Wind Farm Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Comprehensive Three Year Report Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wolfe Island Wind Plant Post-Construction Follow-up Plan Bird and Bat Resource Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors
Accounting for Unsearched Areas in Estimating Wind Turbine-Caused Fatality Huso, M., Dalthorp, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Evidence that Bats Perceive Wind Turbine Surfaces to be Water McAlexander, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Attraction Bats
Leaning Juniper II Wind Power Facility Wildlife Fatality Monitoring Study January 2011-July 2013 Downes, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Reducing Bat Fatalities From Interactions with Operating Wind Turbines (Fact Sheet) Lawson, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Reducing Bat Fatalities from Interactions with Operating Wind Turbines National Wind Technology Center Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A New Stochastic Dynamic Tool to Improve the Accuracy of Mortality Estimates for Bats Killed at Wind Farms Bastos, R., Santos, M., Cabral, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bat Resources Reports for Beech Ridge Wind Energy Project US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Final 2012-2013 Annual Report Avian and Bat Monitoring Project Vasco Winds, LLC Brown, K., Smallwood, K., Karas, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Long-Term Trends in Fatality Rates of Birds and Bats in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Estimating Bat and Bird Mortality Occurring at Wind Energy Turbines from Covariates and Carcass Searches Using Mixture Models Korner-Nievergelt, F., Brinkmann, R., Niermann, I., Behr, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Regional-Scale Modelling of the Cumulative Impact of Wind Farms on Bats Roscioni, F., Russo, D., Di Feggraro, M., Frate, L., Carranza, M., Loy, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Bats
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