Using Ultraviolet Light To Deter Bats From Wind Turbines—Short Science Summary

Bat

One hypothesis seeking to explain why bats collide with wind turbines is that bats, while relying on visual cues during open-air flight, mistake turbine silhouettes as trees. As a result, bats become attracted to the wind turbine in anticipation of foraging, roosting, and/or mating opportunities. As a technique to disrupt this attraction, a series of studies (including ongoing research) have investigated whether illuminating wind turbines with ultraviolet (UV) light (visible to bats but not humans) would make them visually distinct from trees to the point that bats would no longer confuse the two. During tests in a natural setting, bats appeared to exhibit a slightly negative response to UV-lit trees; however, during testing at wind turbines, there was no significant difference in bat activity between UV-lit and non-UV-lit turbines. At present, there is no strong evidence that UV illumination either deters (or attracts) bats, and existing evidence remains inconclusive. Current and future research should investigate the efficacy of UV illuminance with study designs that focus on increased sample sizes while monitoring for any potentially unanticipated negative effects to the environment when adding stimuli such as UV lights, which may, for example, attract insects.

Using Ultraviolet Light To Deter Bats From Wind Turbines—Short Science Summary

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Mitigating the negative impacts of tall wind turbines on bats: Vertical activity profiles and relationships to wind speed Wellig, S., Nussle, S., Miltner, D., Kohle, O., Glaizot, O., Braunisch, V., Obrist, M., Arlettaz, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Tier 4 Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Study for the Odell Wind Energy Project Cottonwood and Jackson Counties, Minnesota: Final Fatality Report December 2016 – December 2017 Chodachek, K., Gustafson, Z. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Impacts of onshore wind energy production on birds and bats: recommendations for future life cycle impact assessment developments Laranjeiro, T., May, R., Verones, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
New Creek Wind Project 2017 Post-construction Monitoring Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Bat flight height monitored from wind masts predicts mortality risk at wind farms Roemer, C., Disca, T., Coulon, A., Bas, Y. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Attraction Bats
When the Excrement Hits the Fan: Fecal Surveys Reveal Species-Specific Bat Activity at Wind Turbines Bennett, V., Hale, A., Williams, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Turbine Induced Bird and Bat Fatalities at Wind Projects: Statistical Methods for Mortality Estimation Using Road and Pad Carcass Surveys Maurer, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Performance test and verification of an off-the-shelf automated avian radar tracking system May, R., Steinheim, Y., Kvaløy, P., Vang, R., Hanssen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Bat fatalities at wind farms in Taiwan Chou, C., Hsieh, T., Liu, W., Chou, T., Huang, Y., Rydell, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 2. Onshore: Monitoring and Mitigation Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 1. Onshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals
Impact of wind turbines on bat activity: an ommited long-distance concern Barre, K., Julliard, R., Le Viol, I., Bas, Y., Kerbiriou, C. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
A Spatial Explicit Agent Based Model Approach to Evaluate the Performance of Different Monitoring Options for Mortality Estimates in the Scope of Onshore Windfarm Impact Assessments Santos, M., Bastos, R., Ferreira, D., Santos, A., Barros, P., Travassos, P., Carvalho, D., Gomes, C., Vale-Gonçalves, H., Braz, L., Morinha, F., Paiva-Cardoso, M., Hughes, S., Cabral, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Bat Mortality Due to Wind Turbines in Canada Zimmerling, J., Francis, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Understanding the Risk of European Protected Species (Bats) at Onshore Wind Turbine Sites to Inform Risk Management Mathews, F., Richardson, S., Lintott, P., Hosken, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bats in a tropical wind farm: species composition and importance of the spatial attributes of vegetation cover on bat fatalities Bolivar-Cime, B., Bolivar-Cime, A., Cabrera-Cruz, S., Munoz-Jimenez, O., Villegas-Patraca, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta X Wind Energy Project, Kern County, California. Final Report for the Second Year of Operation: April 2015 – April 2016 Thompson, J., Boyd, C., Lombardi, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
The Impacts of Small and Medium Wind Turbines on Bats Moyle, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Multiple Mortality Events in Bats: A Global Review O'Shea, T., Cryan, P., Hayman, D., Plowright, R., Streicker, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Scavenging of small bird carrion in southwestern Germany by beetles, birds and mammals Henrich, M., Tietze, D., Wink, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Guidelines for Conducting Bird and Bat Studies at Commercial Wind Energy Projects New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
The habitat association of bats in the South Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada: Radar-acoustic surveys to assess the use of vineyards by insectivorous bats (Vespertilionidae) Dagenais, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Reducing the Collision Risk for Bats at Onshore Wind Turbines (RENEBAT II) Behr, O., Brinkmann, R., Korner-Nievergelt, F., Nagy, M., Niermann, I., Reich, M., Simon, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Wind Energy Development: Methods for Assessing Risks to Birds and Bats Pre-Construction Katzner, T., Bennett, V., Miller, T., Duerr, A., Braham, M., Hale, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Impact of Wind Energy on Bats: A Summary of Our Current Knowledge Hein, C., Schirmacher, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Framework for Testing the Effectiveness of Bat and Eagle Impact-Reduction Strategies at Wind Energy Projects Sinclair, K., DeGeorge, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Raptors, Birds, Bats
Assessing spring direct mortality to avifauna from wind energy facilities in the Dakotas Graff, B., Jenks, J., Stafford, J., Jensen, K., Grovenburg, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Problematic Wildlife: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach Angelici, F. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
2015 Bird and Bat Post Construction Monitoring Report – Laurel Mountain Wind Energy Project Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Impacts to Birds and Bats Due to Collisions and Electrocutions from Some Tall Structures in the United States: Wires, Towers, Turbines, and Solar Arrays - State of the Art in Addressing the Problems Manville, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Using DNA barcoding to improve bat carcass identification at wind farms in the United States Korstian, J., Hale, A., Bennett, V., Williams, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
La conservación de los murciélagos y el desarrollo eólico: El caso de Chile Ossa, G, Juarez, C., Vargas-Rodriguez, R Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Impact of wind facilities on bats in the Neotropics Rodríguez-Durán, A., Feliciano-Robles, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Attraction Bats
Synopsis des internationalen Kenntnisstandes zum Einfluss der Windenergie auf Fledermäuse und Vögel und Spezifizierung für die Schweiz Muller, J., Warnke, M., Reichenbach, M., Köppel, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Fatality at the Horse Butte Wind Facility, Years 1–3 SWCA Environmental Consultants Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Impacts of Wind Energy on Environment: A Review Wang, S., Wang, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats, Birds
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta Wind Energy Center, Phase X, Kern County, California. Final Report for the First Year of Operation: March 2014 – March 2015 Chatfield, A., Levenstein, K., DiDonato, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Do Habitat Characteristics Determine Mortality Risk for Bats at Wind Farms? Modelling Susceptible Species Activity Patterns and Anticipating Possible Mortality Events Ferreira, D., Freixo, C., Cabral, J., Santos, R., Santos, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Estimating Wind-Turbine Caused Bird and Bat Fatality when Zero Carcasses are Observed Huso, M., Dalthorp, D., Dail, D., Madsen, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-Caused Bat Mortality Drake, D., Jennelle, C., Liu, J., Grodsky, S., Schumacher, S., Sponsler, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
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