Collision

Direct contact between an animal and a device component.

Any part of a renewable energy device that moves has the potential to have a deleterious effect on both resident and migratory organisms. Collisions between animals and tidal or wind turbine blades could result in injury or death, either by direct contact with the device or by pressure changes created around the moving parts. The probability of a collision with a blade may vary based on the rotational or mechanical speed of the moving parts, the presence and density of animals in the area, the time of day, weather conditions, and the ability of animals to sense and evade the device. Carcasses found around land-based wind turbines provide an estimate of bird and bat fatalities, while it is much more difficult to estimate the effect of collisions with offshore wind turbines. To date there have been no observed collisions of marine mammals or diving seabirds with tidal turbines. Wave energy devices also have moving parts such as heave plates, flaps, and other large heavy components that could potentially cause harm, although the likelihood is thought to be extremely small. Collisions resulting in injury and death of individual animals with moving parts of devices become particularly important if the loss of those individuals affect the stability and sustainability of the population in the area.

For more information relevant to marine energy, check out the Collision Risk Short Science Summary produced by OES-Environmental.

For more information relevant to offshore wind energy, check out the Bat and Bird Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy research brief produced by SEER.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 1442
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Prioritizing Avian Species for Their Risk of Population Level Consequences from Wind Energy Development Beston, J., Diffendorfer, J., Loss, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Brims Tidal Array Collision Risk Modelling - Atlantic Salmon Xodus Group Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Fish, Pelagic Fish
Guidelines For Environmental Impact Studies On Marine Biodiversity For Offshore Windfarm Projects In The Baltic Sea Region Baltic Environmental Forum – Latvia Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Assessing spring direct mortality to avifauna from wind energy facilities in the Dakotas Graff, B., Jenks, J., Stafford, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Vertical Flow Simulations Using the Mesoscale Model to Assess Impacts on Soaring Birds around Offshore Wind Turbines Konagaya, M., Takahashi, M., Kato, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Bird collisions at an offshore platform in the North Sea Hüppop, O., Huppop, K., Diersche, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Refining Estimates of Collision Risk for Harbour Seals and Tidal Turbines Band, B., Sparling, C., Thompson, D. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
A Self-Contained Subsea Platform for Acoustic Monitoring of the Environment Around Marine Renewable Energy Devices - Field Deployments at Wave and Tidal Energy Sites in Orkney, Scotland Williamson, B., Blondel, P., Armstrong, E. Journal Article Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
2015 Bird and Bat Post Construction Monitoring Report – Laurel Mountain Wind Energy Project Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Problematic Wildlife: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach Angelici, F. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Avian Collision Risk Models for Wind Energy Impact Assessments Masden, E., Cook, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Data Based Estimates of Collision Risk: An Example Based on Harbour Seal Tracking Data around a Proposed Tidal Turbine Array in the Pentland Firth Thompson, D., Onoufriou, J., Brownlow, A. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Conflicts Between Birds and On-Shore Wind Farms Zwart, M., McKenzie, A., Minderman, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Networking Networks for Global Bat Conservation Kingston, T., Aguirre, L., Armstrong, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy Collision Bats
Impacts to Birds and Bats Due to Collisions and Electrocutions from Some Tall Structures in the United States: Wires, Towers, Turbines, and Solar Arrays - State of the Art in Addressing the Problems Manville, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Evaluating Threats in Multinational Marine Ecosystems: A Coast Salish First Nations and Tribal Perspective Gaydos, J., Thixton, S., Donatuto, J. Journal Article Chemicals, Collision, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Using DNA barcoding to improve bat carcass identification at wind farms in the United States Korstian, J., Hale, A., Bennett, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Impact of wind facilities on bats in the Neotropics Rodríguez-Durán, A., Feliciano-Robles, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Attraction Bats
Three Dimensional Tracking of a Wide-Ranging Marine Predator: Flight Heights and Vulnerability to Offshore Wind Farms Cleasby, I., Wakefield, E., Bearhop, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
La conservación de los murciélagos y el desarrollo eólico: El caso de Chile Ossa, G, Juarez, C., Vargas-Rodriguez, R Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Direct Mortality of Birds from Anthropogenic Causes Loss, S., Will, T., Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Synopsis des internationalen Kenntnisstandes zum Einfluss der Windenergie auf Fledermäuse und Vögel und Spezifizierung für die Schweiz Muller, J., Warnke, M., Reichenbach, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Fatality at the Horse Butte Wind Facility, Years 1–3 SWCA Environmental Consultants Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
An autonomous GPS geofence alert system to curtail avian fatalities at wind farms Sheppard, J., McGann, A., Lanzone, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Pink-footed goose anthropogenic mortality review: collision risk modelling WWT Consulting Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Pink-footed goose anthropogenic mortality review: avoidance rate review WWT Consulting Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Towards a Cumulative Collision Risk Assessment of Local and Migrating Birds in North Sea Offshore Wind Farms Brabant, R., Vanermen, N., Steinen, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Developing an Avian Collision Risk Model to Incorporate Variability and Uncertainty Masden, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Impacts of Wind Energy on Environment: A Review Wang, S., Wang, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats, Birds
Monitoring and Researching Ecological Effects of Dutch Offshore Windfarms, Masterplan 2.0 and Appendix Arcadis Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Using Spatial Analyses of Bearded Vulture Movements in Southern Africa to Inform Wind Turbine Placement Reid, T., Kruger, S., Whitfield, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
The visual fields of Common Guillemots (Uria aalge) and Atlantic Puffins (Fratercula arctica): foraging, vigilance and collision vulnerability Martin, G., Wanless, S. Journal Article Collision Birds, Seabirds
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta Wind Energy Center, Phase X, Kern County, California. Final Report for the First Year of Operation: March 2014 – March 2015 Chatfield, A., Levenstein, K., DiDonato, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
A Collision Risk Model to Predict Avian Fatalities at Wind Facilities: An Example Using Golden Eagles, Aquila chrysaetos New, L., Bjerre, M., Millsap, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Do Habitat Characteristics Determine Mortality Risk for Bats at Wind Farms? Modelling Susceptible Species Activity Patterns and Anticipating Possible Mortality Events Ferreira, D., Freixo, C., Cabral, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
MR7.2.2 Collision Risk and Impact Study: Examination of Models for Estimating the Risk of Collisions Between Seals and Tidal Turbines Lonergan, M., Thompson, D. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
MR7.2.3 Collision Risk and Impact Study: Field Tests of Turbine Blade-Seal Carcass Collisions Thompson, D., Brownlow, A., Onoufriou, J. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Bird Movements at Rotor Heights Measured Continuously with Vertical Radar at a Dutch Offshore Wind Farm Fijn, R., Krijgsveld, K., Poot, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
MR7.2.1 Collision Risk: A Brief Review of Available Information on Behaviour of Mammals and Birds in High Tidal Energy Areas Onoufriou, J., Thompson, D. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Marine Mammals, Birds
Estimating Wind-Turbine Caused Bird and Bat Fatality when Zero Carcasses are Observed Huso, M., Dalthorp, D., Dail, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
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