Raptors

Birds of prey that hunt and feed on large vertebrates compared to their size.

Raptors include species of birds that primarily hunt and feed on large vertebrates compared to their size, have keen eyesight for detecting prey from far distances, strong feet with talons for grasping or killing prey, and powerful, curved beaks for tearing flesh. Many species of raptors are considered apex predators.

Raptors are at high risk for collision with wind turbine blades because they have wind-specific flight behaviors and typically soar during high winds, bringing them to the same elevation as wind turbine blades. Raptor populations are at the greatest risk of all birds from human activities because they tend to mature late, be long-lived, and lay few eggs.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 380
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Final Environmental Assessment Leaning Juniper I Wind Facility Eagle Incidental Take Permit US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Mesoscale Modeling to Characterize Eagle Soaring Habitat Draxl, C., Lawson, M., Farmer, C. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Atmospheric Modeling to Enable Prediction of Golden Eagle Interactions with Wind Power Plants Quon, E., Lawson, M., Tripp, C. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Shift in proximate causes of mortality for six large migratory raptors over a century De Pascalis, F., Panuccio, M., Bacaro, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Use of Upland and Riparian Areas by Wintering Bald Eagles and Implications for Wind Energy Schmuecker, S., Becker, D., Lanzone, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Limited accessibility and bias in wildlife-wind energy knowledge: A bilingual systematic review of a globally distributed bird group Fernandez-Bellon, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Resource selection of apex raptors: implications for siting energy development in sagebrush and prairie ecosystems Squires, J., Olson, L., Wallace, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Paint it black: Efficacy of increased wind turbine rotor blade visibility to reduce avian fatalities May, R., Nygård, T., Falkdalen, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Sex- but not age-biased wind turbine collision mortality in the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla Heuck, C., Herrmann, C., Wendt, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Unpacking the eagle collision risk model: practical guidance for wind energy Evans, M., Sporer, M., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
High-Resolution Modeling of Uplift Landscapes can Inform Micrositing of Wind Turbines for Soaring Raptors Hanssen, F., May, R., Nygård, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Minimum distances for wind turbines: A robustness analysis of policies for a sustainable wind power deployment Salomon, H., Drechsler, M., Reutter, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Human Dimensions
Final Environmental Assessment Biglow Canyon Wind Farm Eagle Permit US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Understanding the Golden Eagle and Bald Eagle Sensory Worlds to Enhance Detection and Response to Wind Turbines Fernández-Juricic, E., Katzner, T., Goller, B. Report Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Recovery of raptors from displacement by wind farms – a response Santos, C., Marques, A., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
Test of the automatic bird detection system IdentiFlight on the test field of WindForS in the context of nature conservation research Aschwanden, J., Liechti, F. Report Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Turbine Collision Mortality in the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla Heuck, C., Herrmann, C., Wendt, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Identifying Birds' Collision Risk with Wind Turbines Using a Multidimensional Utilization Distribution Method Khosravifard, S., Skidmore, A., Naimi, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Using radar technology to assess visual monitoring accuracy of Cape Vulture movements Becker, F., Millikin, R., Leslie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Landscape anthropization shapes the survival of a top avian scavenger Arrondo, E., Sanz-Aguilar, A., Perez-Garcia, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Predicting strike susceptibility and collision patterns of the common buzzard at wind turbine structures in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany Bose, A., Durr, T., Klenke, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Wind turbines cause functional habitat loss for migratory soaring birds Marques, A.,, Santos, C., Hanssen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Raptors
Collision risk of Montagu's Harriers Circus pygargus with wind turbines derived from high‐resolution GPS tracking Schaub, T., Klaassen, R., Bouten, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A long‐term assessment of raptor displacement at a wind farm Dohm, R., Jennelle, C., Garvin, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
Auditory performance in bald eagles and red-tailed hawks: a comparative study of hearing in diurnal raptors McGee, J., Nelson, P., Ponder, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Evaluation of bird detection efficiency of ProBird: tracking missed detection and false positives Lagrange, H., Rico, P. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Wind turbines in high quality habitat cause disproportionate increases in collision mortality of the white-tailed eagle Heuck, C., Herrmann, C., Levers, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Draft Environmental Assessment Wild Horse Wind Project Eagle Permit US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Estimating the Potential Mortality of Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus) Due to Wind Energy Development on the Island of Crete (Greece) Xirouchakis, S., Armeni, E., Nikolopoulou, S. Book Chapter Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors
Estimating Potential Costs of Cumulative Barrier Effects on Migrating Raptors: A Case Study Using Global Positioning System Tracking in Japan Kikuchi, D., Nakahara, T., Kitamura, W. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Raptors
Assess risk of individual turbines to Golden Eagles Miller, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Review of Raptor Sections of the Bluestone Wind Avian Risk Assessment Miller, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Avoidance Behaviour of Migrating Raptors Approaching an Offshore Wind Farm Jacobsen, E., Jensen, F., Blew, J. Book Chapter Fixed Offshore Wind Raptors
Evaluation of Wind‐Energy Survey Protocols for Migrating Eagle Detection Chabot, E., Slater, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Developing an efficient protocol for monitoring eagle fatalities at wind energy facilities Hallingstad, E., Rabie, P., Telander, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Wind farms have cascading impacts on ecosystems across trophic levels Thaker, M., Zambre, A., Bhosale, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Assessment of Potential Risks from Renewable Energy Development and Other Anthropogenic Factors to Wintering Golden Eagles in the Western United States Craig, E. , Fuller, Mark., Craig, T. Book Chapter Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Behavioral accommodation of nesting hawks to wind turbines Watson, J., Keren, I., Davies, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Raptors
State of the World's Raptors: Distributions, Threats, and Conservation Recommendations McClure, C., Westrip, J., Johnson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California Terrill, S., Howell, J., Smith, J. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Displaying 81 - 120 of 380 results