Raptors

Birds of prey that hunt and feed on large vertebrates compared to their size.

Raptors include species of birds that primarily hunt and feed on large vertebrates compared to their size, have keen eyesight for detecting prey from far distances, strong feet with talons for grasping or killing prey, and powerful, curved beaks for tearing flesh. Many species of raptors are considered apex predators.

Raptors are at high risk for collision with wind turbine blades because they have wind-specific flight behaviors and typically soar during high winds, bringing them to the same elevation as wind turbine blades. Raptor populations are at the greatest risk of all birds from human activities because they tend to mature late, be long-lived, and lay few eggs.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 380
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Conservation plan for golden eagles in eastern North America Katzner, T., Miller, T., Dennhardt, A. Report Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
Decoding Golden Eagle Movement Behavior from High-Resolution, Variable-Rate Telemetry Data Through Bayesian Filtering Sandhu, R., Tripp, C., Quon, E. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A review of raptor carcass persistence trials and the practical implications for fatality estimation at wind farms Wilson, D., Hulka, S., Bennun, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
The species-specificity of energy landscapes for soaring birds, and its consequences for transferring suitability models across species Scacco, M., Arrondo, E., Donazar, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow, Collision Birds, Raptors
Limited rigor in studies of raptor mortality and mitigation at wind power facilities Conkling, T., McClure, C., Cuadros, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Quantifying Raptors’ Flight Behavior to Assess Collision Risk and Avoidance Behavior to Wind Turbines Linder, A., Lyhne, H., Laubek, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Significant decline of Griffon Vulture collision mortality in wind farms during 13-year of a selective turbine stopping protocol Ferrer, M., Alloing, A., Baumbush, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Selecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials Goller, B., Baumhardt, P., Dominguez-Villegas, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Confirmation that eagle fatalities can be reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines McClure, C., Rolek, B., Dunn, L. Journal Article Collision Birds, Raptors
Flight characteristics forecast entry by eagles into rotor-swept zones of wind turbines Rolek, B., Braham, M., Miller, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) Husby, M., Pearson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Hotspots in the grid: Avian sensitivity and vulnerability to collision risk from energy infrastructure interactions in Europe and North Africa Gauld, J., Silva, J., Atkinson, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Stochastic agent-based model for predicting turbine-scale raptor movements during updraft-subsidized directional flights Sandhu, R., Tripp, C., Quon, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A Predictive Flight-Altitude Model for Avoiding Future Conflicts Between an Emblematic Raptor and Wind Energy Development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S., Lörcher, F., Hegglin, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Drivers of change in mountain and upland bird populations in Europe Alba, R., Kasoar, T., Chamberlain, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors, Waterfowl
Bayesian State-Space Modeling Framework for Understanding and Predicting Golden Eagle Movements Using Telemetry Data Sandhu, R., Tripp, C., Brandes, D. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
A Survey of Sex Ratios of Raptors at a Rescue Center in China Yang, L., Zhou, B., Huang, X. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland Fielding, A., Anderson, D., Benn, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Comparison of the Home Ranges of Mountain Hawk-Eagles During Different Phases of Wind Farm Construction Nishibayashi, N., Kitamura, W., Yoshizaki, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance Birds, Raptors
Response of Ferruginous Hawks to temporary habitat alterations for energy development in southwestern Alberta Parayko, N., Ng, J., Marley, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Flight Altitudes of Raptors in Southern Africa Highlight Vulnerability of Threatened Species to Wind Turbines McClure, C., Dunn, L., McCabe, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Major threats to a migratory raptor vary geographically along the eastern Mediterranean flyway Oppel, S., Arkumarev, V., Bakari, S, Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A., Anderson, D., Benn, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Eagles enter rotor-swept zones of wind turbines at rates that vary per turbine McClure, C., Rolek, B., Braham, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A bird of two hemispheres: An examination of Swainson’s hawk (Buteo swainsoni) ecology across a landscape of increasing wind energy development Watson, K. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Demographic and potential biological removal models identify raptor species sensitive to current and future wind energy Diffendorfer, J., Stanton, J., Beston, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Turbulence explains the accelerations of an eagle in natural flight Laurent, K., Fogg, B., Ginsbury, T. Journal Article Birds, Raptors
A pathway for citizen science data to inform policy: A case study using eBird data for defining low-risk collision areas for wind energy development Ruiz-Gutierrez, V., Bjerre, E., Otto, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Adaptive management to improve eagle conservation at terrestrial wind facilities New, L., Simonis, J., Otto, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Quantifying Turbine-Level Risk to Golden Eagles Using a High-Fidelity Updraft Model and a Stochastic Behavioral Model Tripp, C., Sandhu, R., Lawson, M. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Habitat use by post-fledging white-tailed eagles shows avoidance of human infrastructure and agricultural areas Balotari-Chiebao, F., Brommer, J., Tikkanen, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A predictive model for improving placement of wind turbines to minimise collision risk potential for a large soaring raptor Murgatroyd, M., Bouten, W., Amar, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Predicting Bald Eagle Collision at Wind Energy Facilities Nasman, K., Bay, K., Mattson, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 Pearse, A., Sherfy, M., Wimer, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment
Eagle fatalities are reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines McClure, C., Rolek, B., Dunn, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
ECO Wind Factsheet ECO Wind Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors
Final Technical Report: A Heterogeneous System for Eagle Detection, Deterrent, and Wildlife Collision Detection for Wind Turbines Albertani, R., Clocker, K., Hu, C. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Black kites of different age and sex show similar avoidance responses to wind turbines during migration Santos, C., Ferraz, R., Muñoz, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Modelling the habitat selection of the bearded vulture to predict areas of potential conflict with wind energy development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S., Lörcher, F., Hegglin, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Raptors
Migratory Soaring Birds Project BirdLife International Website Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Displaying 41 - 80 of 380 results