The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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| Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underwater Noise Conflict Resolution: Framework Report | Xodus Group | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
| SENSITIVITY MAPPING OF RELATIVE RISKS TO BATS FROM DANISH OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY | Brinkløv, S.; Uebel, A.; Fjederholt, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats | |
| Evaluating Tools and Technologies for Monitoring Baleen Whales During Offshore Wind Foundation Installation | Szesciorka, A.; Severy, M.; Ampela, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Diadromous Fish in the Context of Offshore Wind – Review of Current Knowledge & Future Research | Honkanen, H.; Moore, I.; Roger, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
| Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure | Nielsen, K.; Robertson, B.; Sierman, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Developing the Offshore Wind that Birds Need | Seavy, N.; Wojcicki, S.; Madden, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Analysis of the effects on harbour porpoises from the underwater sound during the construction of the Borssele and Gemini offshore wind farms | de Jong, C.; Lam, F.; von Benda-Beckmann, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Adapting the iPCoD Framework for Harbour Porpoises to Utilise a Dynamic Energy Budget Model in Modelling the Effects of Disturbance – Final Report | Harwood, J.; Chudzinska, M.; Hin, V.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan | National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Avoidance & Minimisation of Environmental Impacts from Offshore Wind & Grid Infrastructure | Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Options for biodiversity-friendly designs and approaches for offshore wind farms in Ireland | BlueWise Marine | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
| Frequently Asked Questions: Offshore Wind and Whales | Whale Communications Committee; Biodiversity Research Institute | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Commercial Wind Lease Issuance on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf, Offshore Oregon Final Environmental Assessment | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); US Army Corps of Engineers; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
| Collaboration for Environmental Mitigation and Nature Inclusive Design (CEMNID) | Xodus Group; The Rich North Sea - De Rijke Noordzee | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
| Harbour porpoise responses to the installation of XXL monopiles without noise abatement; implications for noise management in the Southern North Sea | Benhemma-Le Gall, A.; Hastie, G.; Brown, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Experience report on operational noise: Cross-project evaluation and assessment of underwater noise measurements from the operational phase of offshore wind farms | Bellmann, M.; Müller, T.; Scheiblich, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
| Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind: Double Big Bubble Curtain Plan | Dominion Energy | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
| Offshore Wind Facts: Fish and Invertebrates | Special Initiative on Offshore Wind | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Fish, Invertebrates | |
| Offshore Wind Facts: Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles | Special Initiative on Offshore Wind | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
| Offshore Wind Facts: Birds and Bats | Special Initiative on Offshore Wind | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds | |
| Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2023 | Magnus, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality | |
| What are the potential effects of offshore wind farms on coastal fish and their essential habitats? | Henry, S.; Couturier, L.; Darnaude, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Fish | |
| New England Wind Final Environmental Impact Statement (Final EIS) | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
| Grand Challenges Revisited: Wind Energy Research Needs for a Global Energy Transition | Veers, P.; Dykes, K.; Baranowski, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
| Exploration of potential collaboration on preventive, mitigation and compensation measures | van der Kamp, M.; Brekelmans, M.; Verweij, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Impact of geophysical and geotechnical site investigation surveys on fish and shellfish | Duffy, O.; Chumbinho, R.; Coca, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
| Energy Conversion Factors in Underwater Radiated Sound from Marine Piling: Review of the method and recommendations | Wood, M.; Ainslie, M.; Burns, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
| Report on the ICES Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME) 2023 | Ahola, M.; Alves, F.; Authier, M.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
| A management-focused population viability analysis for North Atlantic right whales | Runge, M.; Linden, D.; Hostetler, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Reducing uncertainty in underwater noise assessments for offshore wind (ReCon) | Carbon Trust | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| IECS Working Group on Fisheries Acoustics, Science and Technology (WGFAST) | Ariza, A.; Diogoul, N.; Gastauer, s.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
| U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Noise Reduction Questionnaire Results and Recommendations | Farr, H.; Ryan, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
| Maritime Spatial Planning in Europe: Discussion Paper on the Challenges and Potential Opportunities Around the Colocation of Offshore Wind Energy with Marine Protected Areas | Stephenson, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Erfahrungsbericht Betriebsschall: Projektübergreifende Auswertung und Bewertung der Unterwasserschallmessungen aus der Betriebsphase von Offshore-Windparks | Bellmann, M.; Müller, T.; Scheiblich, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Power Analysis for Optimal Design of a Passive Acoustic Monitoring Network for US East Coast Offshore Wind | Chudzinska, M.; Thomas, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Field Observations During Offshore Wind Structure Installation and Operation, Volume 2 | Ampela, K.; Bacon, C.; Khan, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
| Setting EU Threshold Values for continuous underwater sound | Druon, J.; Hanke, G.; Casier, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
| Setting EU Threshold Values for impulsive underwater sound | Sigray, P.; Andersson, M.; André, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals | |
| European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future | Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
| Behavioral effects of sound sources from offshore renewable energy construction on the black sea bass (Centropristis striata) and longfin squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) | Stanley, J.; Caiger, P.; Jones, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
| Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2022 | Magnus, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
| Anholt Offshore Windfarm - Stabilisation of Cable Protection Systems and Cables at Scour Protected Monopile Locations and the Offshore Substation | Grindlay, S.; Fischer, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
| Revolution Wind COP Appendix P3: Underwater Acoustic Modeling Analysis | Kusel, E.; Weirathmueller, M.; Zammit, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
| Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| PARC EOLIEN EN MER DE SAINTNAZAIRE: Phase Construction – Rapport opérationnel | Bellanger, J.; Clorennec, D.; Billand, P.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
| Measurement of effects of pile driving in the Borssele wind farm zone on the seals in the Dutch Delta area version II | Brasseur, S.; Aarts, G.; Schop, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
| Kitty Hawk North Wind COP Appendix O: In-Air Acoustic Assessment | Tetra Tech Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
| To study the effect on marine ecosystems of noise emitted by offshore wind farms during construction and operation phases, is it relevant to focus on a few species? | Henry, S.; Ceyrac, L.; Le Courtois, F.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
| Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning |
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