The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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| Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underwater Noise Conflict Resolution: Framework Report | Xodus Group | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
| Offshore Wind Energy: Actions Needed to Address Gaps in Interior's Oversight of Development | Rusco, F. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement | Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
| The Blue Economy in Los Angeles County Charting a Course Forward | Durante, G.; Dunsker, M.; Sedgewick, S. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure | Nielsen, K.; Robertson, B.; Sierman, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Nature Positive: Role of the Offshore Wind Sector | World Economic Forum | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Scottish Offshore Wind Energy Council (SOWEC) Innovation Guide | Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Developing the Offshore Wind that Birds Need | Seavy, N.; Wojcicki, S.; Madden, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Wind power and biodiversity | France Energie Eolienne (France renouvelables) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Requirements for Coastal Resilience in Europe | European Marine Board (EMB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
| National Marine Plan 2 - planning position statement: consultation | Scottish Government | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
| Accelerating Offshore Wind: Developing a regional ecosystem monitoring programme for the UK offshore wind industry | ORE Catapult | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions | ||
| How is offshore wind (re)shaping marine spatial planning? | Henry, S.; Abellard, O.; Alloncle, N.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
| ORE Outlook 2040 - UK Offshore Renewable Energy in 2040: Building a Sustainable and Competitive ORE Sector on a Pathway to Net Zero by 2050 | Greaves, D.; White, D.; Noble, D.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| New Horizons: The Space Needed for Offshore Wind Energy in the EU by 2030 and 2040 | World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
| Ensuring The Social License For Wind Projects In Latin America | Global Wind Energy Council | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan | National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Avoidance & Minimisation of Environmental Impacts from Offshore Wind & Grid Infrastructure | Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| ETHICS, VALUES & SOCIAL LICENCE FOR OFFSHORE WIND DEVELOPMENT | Bossi, L.; Breakey, H.; Mashallsay, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Offshore Wind Power Examined: Effects, Benefits, and Costs of Offshore Wind Farms Along the US Atlantic and Gulf Coasts | Shawhan, D.; Robson, S.; Russell, E. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Options for biodiversity-friendly designs and approaches for offshore wind farms in Ireland | BlueWise Marine | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
| Maripark Blueprint | Ernst & Young | Report | Marine Energy, Salinity Gradient, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Offshore wind industry product carbon footprinting guidance: Guidance for measuring the life cycle carbon footprint of offshore wind developments | Dineen, C.; Shackley, L.; Harvey, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
| Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Marine Delivery Routemap: Towards a shared vision for our seabed and coastline | The Crown Estate | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Future of Offshore Wind: Considerations for development and leasing to 2030 and beyond | The Crown Estate | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Planning and Licensing of Onshore Wind Power Projects (Planlegging og konsesjonsbehandling av vindkraftanlegg på land) | Ministry of Energy, Norway | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| What We Heard Report: Building Capacity for the Sustainable & Inclusive Development of Nova Scotia’s Offshore Wind Resource | Net Zero Atlantic; Confederacy of Mainland Mi’kmaq; Unama’ki Institute of Natural Resources (UINR); et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Representative Project Design Envelope for Floating Offshore Wind Energy: A Focus on the California 2023 Federal Leases | Cooperman, A.; Biglu, M.; Hall, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Socioeconomic Characterization of West Coast Fisheries in Relation to Offshore Wind Energy Development | Pfeiffer, L.; Alkire, C.; Ise, J. | Report | Wind Energy | Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Commercial Wind Lease Issuance on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf, Offshore Oregon Final Environmental Assessment | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); US Army Corps of Engineers; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
| Challenges and Opportunities for Floating Offshore Wind Energy in Ultradeep Waters of the Central Atlantic | Musial, W.; McCoy, A.; Hernando, D.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
| Preliminary study on the environmental effects of hydrogen production at sea | Plantema, M.; van Erp, C.; Verweij, L. ; et al. | Report | Chemicals, Noise | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
| Wind Energy: Technologies and Approaches to Help Address Environmental Effects | United States Government Accountability Office | Report | Wind Energy | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
| Working Group on Offshore Renewable Energy (WGORE; outputs from 2023 meeting) | Rumes, B.; Wood, D.; Copping, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
| BWEC 5-year plan (1 January 2024–31 December 2028) | Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative (BWEC) | Report | Wind Energy | Bats, Human Dimensions | ||
| Wind power infrastructure and perceived value of tourism experience in nature areas | Prince, S.; Chekalina, T.; Peters, A. | Report | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Visual Impacts | ||
| Resource monitoring for Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) at the Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind development site | Rudders, D.; Mann, R.; Borsetti, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
| Global Offshore Wind Report 2024 | Williams, R.; Zhao, F. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Law in Order: An Inventory of State Renewable Energy Siting Policies | Enterline, S.; Valainis, A. | Report | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| France Energies Marines Annual Report 2023 | France Energies Marines | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions | ||
| Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind South Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for Commercial Wind Lease OCS-A 0499 | Sullivan, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | ||
| Final Environmental Assessment for Additional Site Assessment Activities on Beacon Wind, LLC’s Renewable Energy Lease OCS-A 0527 | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
| Exploring co-use of offshore wind farms by passive fisheries in Borssele wind farm, the Netherlands | Neitzel, S.; Serraris, J.; Deetman, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Fisheries | ||
| Decommissioning Case Study: Circular Economy in the Wind Sector – Materials Mapping | Smithson-Paul, V.; Bennet, L.; Fraser, O. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment | ||
| Offshore Wind Facts: Jobs and Workforce Development | Special Initiative on Offshore Wind | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Offshore Wind Facts: Property Values and Visual Impacts | Special Initiative on Offshore Wind | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Visual Impacts | ||
| Cultural Licence to Operate in the Blue Economy: Final Project Report | Hunter, C.; Lee, E.; Wood, W.; et al. | Report | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | |||
| Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast [2024] | Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
| Conditions for nature friendly and circular decommissioning | Natuur & Milieu | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
| Conditions for sustainable decommissioning of offshore wind turbines | Kelder, M.; van Pelt, A.; van Megen, O.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement |
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