Spain

Spain is located in Southern Europe, covers 505,944 km2 (195,346 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 46.7 million people (UN data, 2021). Spain’s primary energy production is 385 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 31 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 45% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). Spain is home to 777 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

Spain is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. Spain had 2 policy and 6 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

Spain is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. Spain had a total installed wind power capacity of 29.8 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 1.67 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 168
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The Role of Wave Energy Converter Farms on Coastal Protection in Eroding Deltas, Guadalfeo, Southern Spain Bergillos, R., López-Ruiz, A., Medina-López, E. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
Life Cycle Assessment of a multi-use offshore platform: Combining wind and wave energy production Elginoz, N., Bas, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Testing for errors in estimating bird mortality rates at wind farms and power lines Farfan, M., Duarte, J., Fa, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
The impact of offshore wind farms on beach recreation demand: Policy intake from an economic study on the Catalan coast Voltaire, L., Loureiro, M., Knudsen, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism
Differential Recovery of Habitat Use by Birds after Wind Farm Installation: A Multi-Year Comparison Farfan, M., Duarte, J., Real, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds
Impact on seabirds of new offshore wind energy test and demonstration projects in the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (BiMEP, N. Spain) Bald, J., Franco, J., Menchaca, I. Presentation Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Impact of Climate Change on Wave Energy Resource: The Case of Menorca (Spain) Sierra, J., Casas-Prat, M., Campins, E. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Human Dimensions
MARMOK-A-5 Wave Energy Converter IDOM Project Site Marine Energy, Wave
Achieving Blue Growth through Maritime Spatial Planning: Offshore Wind Energy Optimization and Biodiversity Conservation in Spain Rodríguez-Rodríguez, D., Malak, D., Soukissian, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Spatial Planning, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ecosystem Processes
A strategic policy framework for promoting the marine energy sector in Spain Vazquez, S., Astariz, S., Iglesias, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Effects of Wind Farms on Montagu's Harrier (Circus pygargus) in Southern Spain Hernández-Pliego, J., de Lucas, M., Muñoz, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Socioeconomic impact of wind energy on peripheral regions Varela-Vázquez, P., Sánchez-Carreira, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Action on Multiple Fronts, Illegal Poisoning and Wind Farm Planning, is Required to Reverse the Decline of the Egyptian Vulture in Southern Spain Sanz-Aguilar, A., Sanchez-Zapata, J., Carrete, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Acoustic characterization of submarine cable installation in the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (bimep) Bald, J., Hernández, C., Uriarte, A. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave Noise
The Environmental Impact Study of the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (BiMEP) project Bald, J., Del Campo, A., Franco, J. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental impacts over the seabed and benthic communities of submarine cable installation in the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (bimep) Bald, J., Hernández, C., Galparsoro, I. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change Invertebrates
Environmental Monitoring Plan of the pre-operational phase of the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (bimep) project Bald, J., Galparsoro, I., Gonzalez, M. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave
Environmental impacts over fish communities of submarine cable installation in the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (bimep) Bald, J., Fontan, A., Uriarte, A. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave Fish
Public Perceptions and Externalities in Tidal Stream Energy: A Valuation for Policy Making Vazquez, A., Iglesias, G. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Characterization of the Ultrasonic Acoustic Field of a Wind Turbine Pereira, M., Fonseca, C., Inácio, O. Conference Paper Wind Energy Bats
Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds and Bats Atienza, J., Martín-Fierro, I., Infante, O. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Wave Farm Impact: The Role of Farm-to-Coast Distance Iglesias, G., Carballo, R. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Floating Vs. Bottom-Fixed Turbines for Tidal Stream Energy: A Comparative Impact Assessment Sanchez, M., Carballo, R., Ramos, V. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal
Energy of Marine Currents in the Strait of Gibraltar and its Potential as a Renewable Energy Resource Quesada, M., Lafuente, J., Garrido, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal
A Wave Farm for an Island: Detailed Effects on the Nearshore Wave Climate Veigas, M., Ramos, V., Iglesias, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow
Environmental Impacts over the Seabed and Benthic Communities of Underwater Cable Installation in the Biscay Marine Energy Platform (BIMEP) Bald, J., Hernández, C., Galparsoro, I. Presentation Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
First Interim Report of the Working Group on Marine Renewable Energy (WGMRE) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Ecosystem Processes
Tidal stream energy impacts on estuarine circulation Ramos, V., Carballo, R., Sanchez, M. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Tidal stream energy impact on the transient and residual flow in an estuary: A 3D analysis Sanchez, M., Carballo, R., Ramos, V. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Offshore wind farm design with the Coral Reefs Optimization algorithm Salcedo-Sanz, S., Gallo-Marazuela, D., Pastor-Sánchez, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates
Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Birds and Needs to Plan their Future Development in Spain Mateos-Rodriguez, M., Muñoz, A., Arroyo, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Social acceptance of ocean wave energy: A case study of an OWC shoreline plant Heras-Saizarbitoria, I., Zamanillo, I., Laskurain, I. Journal Article Wave Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Assessment of Basic Audiometric Functions in Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) at Loro Parque, Tenerife, Spain Lucke, K., Finneran, J., Houser, D. Report Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Wave farm impact based on realistic wave-WEC interaction Carballo, R., Iglesias, G. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Measuring the Insecurity Index of species in networks of protected areas using species distribution modeling and fuzzy logic: The case of raptors in Andalusia Diaz-Gomez, D., Toxopeus, A., Groen, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Environmental Reporting in the Spanish Wind Energy Sector: An Institutional View Mosene, J., Burritt, R., Sanagustin, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Seabird Aggregative Patterns: A New Tool for Offshore Wind Energy Risk Assessment Christel, I., Certain, G., Cama, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Interannual Home Range Variation, Territoriality and Overlap in Breeding Bonelli's Eagles (Aquila fasciata) Tracked by GPS Satellite Telemetry Perez-Garcia, J., Margalida, A., Afonso, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
International importance of Extremadura, Spain, for overwintering migratory dabbling ducks: a role for reservoirs Navedo, J., Masero, J., Sanchez-Guzman, J. Journal Article Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
Some Clouds Have a Silver Lining: Paradoxes of Anthropogenic Perturbations from Study Cases on Long-Lived Social Birds Oro, D., Jimenez, J., Curco, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Displaying 81 - 120 of 168 results