Short Science Summary 2024: Underwater Noise

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Animals use sound in the marine environment like humans and animals use light (sight) on land. Underwater sound allows animals to communicate, navigate, interact, forage, and avoid predation. The extent to which marine animals detect and produce sound varies by species, covering a wide range of sound frequencies. Marine mammals and some fish species are the major animal groups of concern. Marine animals are already subject to sources of human-caused noise underwater; the addition of sound from marine renewable energy (MRE) devices could induce stress, behavioral changes, a range of physical injuries, and a temporary or permanent reduction in hearing ability that can mask other sounds. The propagation of sound from devices dissipates with distance from the device, depending on ocean conditions and device sound level. Construction activities at sea can create loud underwater noise, while noise from operational devices is much quieter.

 

This short science summary for Underwater Noise was developed based on the OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World, specifically Chapter 3: Marine Renewable Energy: Stressor-Receptor Interactions.

Short Science Summary 2024: Underwater Noise

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wave-Energy Devices Might Affect the Natural Environment: Scientists plan research to better understand effects Oregon State University, Pacific Marine Energy Center (PMEC), Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC), University of Washington Magazine Article Marine Energy, Wave EMF, Entanglement, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Triton Field Trials: Promoting Consistent Environmental Monitoring Methodologies for Marine Energy Sites Eaves, S., Staines, G., Harker-Klimes, G., Pinza, M., Geerlofs, S. Journal Article Marine Energy Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions
SafeWAVE Deliverable 4.4 Use cases and profiles Leitão, J., Cardoso, S., Santos, H. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A Review of Modeling Approaches for Understanding and Monitoring the Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Buenau, K., Garavelli, L., Hemery, L., Garcia Medina, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise
The Impacts of Climate Change on Underwater Sound Propagation from Tidal Turbines Zimmerman, C. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Human Dimensions, Climate Change
DELIVERABLE 2.7 Guidelines on EMF, noise, and seabed integrity monitoring planning for wave energy devices Bald, J., Vinagre, P., Chainho, P., Madrid, E., Muxika, I. Report Marine Energy, Wave EMF, Habitat Change, Noise
Biological Consequences of Marine Energy Development on Marine Animals Hemery, L., Copping, A., Overhus, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Seabirds, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Environmental Information for Siting and Operation of Floating Tidal Turbines in U.S. Waters Copping, A., Garavelli, L., Overhus, D., Tugade, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Environmental Impacts of Tidal and Wave Energy Converters Hutchison, Z., Lieber, L., Miller, R., Williamson, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Environmental Impact Assessment: Nuyakuk River Small Scale Hydroelectric Project Squire, R., Owen, A., Ngo-Ly, J., Sanderson, T. Report Marine Energy, Riverine Changes in Flow, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Recreation & Tourism, Visual Impacts
Are fish in danger? A review of environmental effects of marine renewable energy on fishes Copping, A., Hemery, L., Viehman, H., Seitz, A., Staines, G., Hasselman, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Fish
Critical Interference Mechanisms for Marine Renewable Energy­powered Ocean Observing Platforms Cotter, E., McVey, J. Report Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report: Subsea video monitoring Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals
Moving from scientific research to consenting guidance for MRE environmental risk Copping, A., Rose, D., Freeman, M. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Clearing a Path to Commercialization of Marine Renewable Energy Technologies Through Public–Private Collaboration Chang, G., Harker-Klimes, G., Raghukumar, K., Polagye, B., Haxel, J., Joslin, J., Spada, F., Staines, G. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise
Marine Evidence packages ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd (ABPmer) Website Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Sea Lice Are Sensitive to Low Frequency Sounds Solé, M., Lenoir, M., Fortuno, J-M., De Vreese, S., Van der Schaar, M., André, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Stressor-Specific Guidance Document: Underwater Noise OES-Environmental Report Marine Energy Noise
Seagrass Posidonia is impaired by human-generated noise Solé, M., Lenoir, M., Durfort, M., Fortuno, J-M., Van der Schaar, M., De Vreese, S., André, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise
WESE Deliverable 3.2 Acoustic Modelling Felis, I., Madrid, E., Bald, J. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Relative Performance of Surface vs. Bottom-Mounted Hydrophones in a Tidal Channel Hasselman, D., Boucher, T., Douglas, J., MacNeil, S. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
A systemic view of potential environmental impacts of ocean energy production Martinez, M., Vázquez, G., Pérez-Maqueo O., Silvia, R., Moreno-Casasola, P., Mendoza-González, G., Lopez-Portillo, J., Macgregor-Fors, I., Heckel, G., Hernández-Santana, J., Gracía-Franco, J., Castillo-Campos, G., Lara-Dominguez, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Ocean Current, OTEC, Salinity Gradient, Tidal, Wave Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals
Acoustic risk balancing by marine mammals: anthropogenic noise can influence the foraging decisions by seals Hastie, G., Lepper, P., McKnight, C., Milne, R., Russell, D., Thompson, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
HELCOM Guidelines for monitoring continuous noise Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
An Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Extracting Marine Renewable Energy in the Coastal Environment of the Black Sea Zburlea, L., Rusu, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
JUMP Deliverable 2: Inventory of background information Sobreira, F., Cruz, E., Luís, A., dos Santos, M. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
BOEM Center for Marine Acoustics Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Website Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Ocean energy and the environment: Research and strategic actions ETIP Ocean Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Managing Impacts of Human-Generated Sound on Marine Life McPherson, S. Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism
WESE Deliverable 2.3 Acoustic Monitoring Felis, I., Navarro, E., Alvarez-Castellanos, R., Bald, J., Uriarte, A., Cruz, E. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science Copping, A., Hemery, L., Overhus, D., Garavelli, L., Freeman, M., Whiting, J., Gorton, A., Farr, H., Rose, D., Tugade, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Interim Environmental Report for the ELEMENT Project France Energies Marine Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Noise
Wave and Tidal Stream Critical Evidence Needs Offshore Renewables Joint Industry Programme (ORJIP) Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Acoustic and Benthic Targeted Research Work Groups: Summary of Findings Roberts, J., Peplinski, W., Kramer, S., West, A., Kalil, J., Omar, S., Barr, Z., Jones, C. Report Marine Energy Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
A Review on Environmental and Social Impacts of Thermal Gradient and Tidal Currents Energy Conversion and Application to the Case of Chiapas, Mexico Rivera, G., Felix, A., Mendoza, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Effects of marine noise pollution on Mediterranean fishes and invertebrates: A review Di Franco, E., Pierson, P., Di lorio, L., Calo, A., Cottalorda, J., Derijard, B., Di Franco, A., Galve, A., Guibbolini, M., Lebrun, J., Micheli, F., Priouzeau, F., Risso-de Faverney, C., Rossi, F., Sabourault, C., Spennato, G., Verrando, P., Guidetti, P. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates
2020 State of the Science Report - Chapter 13: Risk Retirement and Data Transferability for Marine Renewable Energy Copping, A., Freeman, M., Gorton, A., Hemery, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave EMF, Noise Human Dimensions
OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World Copping, A., Hemery, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
2020 State of the Science Report - Chapter 4: Risk to Marine Animals from Underwater Noise Generated by Marine Renewable Energy Devices Polagye, B., Bassett, C. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Cavitation observations, underwater radiated noise measurements and full-scale predictions of the Hydro-Spinna turbine Rosli, R., Shi, W., Aktas, B., Norman, R., Atlar, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
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