Short Science Summary 2024: Underwater Noise

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Animals use sound in the marine environment like humans and animals use light (sight) on land. Underwater sound allows animals to communicate, navigate, interact, forage, and avoid predation. The extent to which marine animals detect and produce sound varies by species, covering a wide range of sound frequencies. Marine mammals and some fish species are the major animal groups of concern. Marine animals are already subject to sources of human-caused noise underwater; the addition of sound from marine renewable energy (MRE) devices could induce stress, behavioral changes, a range of physical injuries, and a temporary or permanent reduction in hearing ability that can mask other sounds. The propagation of sound from devices dissipates with distance from the device, depending on ocean conditions and device sound level. Construction activities at sea can create loud underwater noise, while noise from operational devices is much quieter.

 

This short science summary for Underwater Noise was developed based on the OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World, specifically Chapter 3: Marine Renewable Energy: Stressor-Receptor Interactions.

Short Science Summary 2024: Underwater Noise

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Effects of Man-Made Sound on Fishes Hawkins, A., Popper, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Fish
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Marine Spatial Planning and Marine Renewables: Linking Concepts for Implementation. A Case Study from Scotland MacDonald, A. Thesis Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Marine Mammal Behavioral Response to Tidal Turbine Sound Robertson, F., Wood, J., Joslin, J., Joy, R., Polagye, B. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Underwater sound on wave & tidal test sites: improving knowledge of acoustic impact of Marine Energy Convertors Giry, C., Bald, J., Uriarte, A. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Noise
Modeling underwater noise propagation from marine hydrokinetic power devices through a time-domain, velocity-pressure solution Halfa, E., Johnson, E., Johnson, C., Preston, L., Aldridge, D., Roberts, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise
Underwater operational noise level emitted by a tidal current turbine and its potential impact on marine fauna Lossent, J., Lejart, M., Folegot, T., Clorennec, D., Di lorio, L., Gervaise, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Harbour Seals Avoid Tidal Turbine Noise: Implications for Collision Risk Hastie, G., Russell, D., Lepper, P., Elliot, J., Wilson, B., Benjamins, S., Thompson, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
High rates of vessel noise disrupt foraging in wild harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Wisniewska, D., Johnson, M., Teilmann, J., Siebert, U., Galatius, A., Dietz, R., Madsen, P. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Environmental Effects Monitoring Program Annual Report 2017 Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Report Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Measuring Changes in Ambient Noise Levels from the Installation and Operation of a Surge Wave Energy Converter in the Coastal Ocean Henkel, S., Haxel, J. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Good or Bad Vibrations? Impacts of Anthropogenic Vibration on the Marine Epibenthos Roberts, L., Elliott, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Invertebrates
The Importance of a Multi-Method Monitoring Approach to Assess the Effects of Anthropogenic Activity on Harbour Porpoises Maldini, D., Foley, A., Culloch, R., Pinfield, R., Nykänen, M., Cronin, M., Jessopp, M. Conference Paper Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Underwater operational noise level emitted by a tidal current turbine and its potential impact on marine fauna Lossent, J., Gervaise, C., Iorio, L., Folegot, T., Clorennec, D., Lejart, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Onset of Barotrauma Injuries Related to Number of Pile Driving Strike Exposures in Hybrid Striped Bass Casper, B., Halvorsen, M., Carlson, T., Popper, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Acoustic Life Cycle Assessment of Offshore Renewables - Implications from a Wave-Energy Converter Deployment in Falmouth Bay, UK Blondel, P., Walsh, J. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Noise
Operational Noise from Tidal Turbine Arrays and the Assessment of Collision Risk with Marine Mammals Marmo, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Noise Marine Mammals
Effects of hydrokinetic turbine sound on the behavior of four species of fish within an experimental mesocosm Schramm, M., Bevelhimer, M., Scherelis, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Responses of bottlenose dolphins and harbor porpoises to impact and vibration piling noise during harbor construction Graham, I., Pirotta, E., Merchant, N., Farcas, A., Barton, T., Cheney, B., Hastie, G., Thompson, P. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
A Snapshot of Risk for Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Copping, A., Kramer, S. Conference Paper Marine Energy Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise
Good noise, bad noise: A tricky case of balancing risk of physical injury against acoustic disturbance for marine mammals and tidal energy devices Wilson, B., Marmo, B., Lepper, P., Risch, D., Benjamins, S., Hastie, G., Carter, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Noise Marine Mammals
Acoustic characterization of wave energy converters Polagye, B., Murphy, P., Cross, P., Vega, L. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Cobscook Bay Tidal Energy Project: 2016 Environmental Monitoring Report ORPC Maine Report Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Offshore exposure experiments on cuttlefish indicate received sound pressure and particle motion levels associated with acoustic trauma Solé, M., Sigray, P., Lenoir, M., Van der Schaar, M., Lalander, E., André, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates
ISO 18405:2017 Underwater acoustics-Terminology ISO/TC 43/SC 3 Book Marine Energy Noise
A Simulation Approach to Assessing Environmental Risk of Sound Exposure to Marine Mammals Donovan, C., Harris, C., Milazzo, L., Harwood, J., Marshall, L., Williams, R. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals
Acoustic characterization of Mutriku OWC Plant Bald, J., Uriarte, A., Ruiz-Minguela, P., Ortega, N. Presentation Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Monitoring the Condition of Marine Renewable Energy Devices through Underwater Acoustic Emissions: Case study of a Wave Energy Converter in Falmouth Bay, UK Walsh, J., Bashir, I., Garrett, J., Thies, P., Blondel, P., Johanning, L. Journal Article Wave, Marine Energy Noise
WETS Acoustic Measurement Field Reports Sea Engineering Inc Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Challenges to Characterization of Sound Produced by Marine Energy Converters Polagye, B. Book Chapter Marine Energy Noise
Acoustic Characteristics of the Lifesaver Wave Energy Converter Polagye, B., Murphy, P., Cross, P., Vega, L. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Evidence of Cnidarians sensitivity to sound after exposure to low frequency noise underwater sources Solé, M., Lenoir, M., Fortuno, J-M., Durfort, M., Van der Schaar, M., André, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates
Sonar for environmental monitoring of marine renewable energy technologies Francisco, F. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Use of Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) and Motion Analysis for Studying the Impacts of Underwater Noise upon Free Ranging Fish and Implications for Marine Energy Management Roberts, L., Perez-Dominguez, R., Elliott, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Fish
Stochasticism in Noise Generated by an Array of Marine Hydrokinetic Devices Hafla, E., Johnson, E., Roberts, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise
Underwater Noise Propagation Models and its Application in Renewable Energy Parks: WaveRoller Case Study Rocha, A. Thesis Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Semi-Active Control of Sound Radiated From an Elastic Circular Plate Integrated With Adaptive Tuned Vibration Absorbers Hemmatian, M., Sedaghati, R. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Modelling the Propagation of Underwater Acoustic Emissions for Condition Monitoring of Marine Renewable Energy Walsh, J., Bashir, I., Thies, P., Blondel, P., Johanning, L. Conference Paper Marine Energy Noise
A review of crustacean sensitivity to high amplitude underwater noise: Data needs for effective risk assessment in relation to UK commercial species Edmonds, N., Firmin, C., Goldsmith, D., Faulkner, R., Wood, T. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Noise Generated from an Array of Current Energy Converters Halfa, E., Johnson, C., Johnson, E., Roberts, J. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Ocean Current Noise
A Portable, Real-Time Passive Acoustic System and Autonomous Hydrophone Array for Noise Monitoring of Offshore Wave Energy Projects Haxel, J., Turpin, A., Matsumoto, H., Klinck, H., Hellin, D., Henkel, S. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
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