Short Science Summary 2024: Underwater Noise

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Animals use sound in the marine environment like humans and animals use light (sight) on land. Underwater sound allows animals to communicate, navigate, interact, forage, and avoid predation. The extent to which marine animals detect and produce sound varies by species, covering a wide range of sound frequencies. Marine mammals and some fish species are the major animal groups of concern. Marine animals are already subject to sources of human-caused noise underwater; the addition of sound from marine renewable energy (MRE) devices could induce stress, behavioral changes, a range of physical injuries, and a temporary or permanent reduction in hearing ability that can mask other sounds. The propagation of sound from devices dissipates with distance from the device, depending on ocean conditions and device sound level. Construction activities at sea can create loud underwater noise, while noise from operational devices is much quieter.

Short Science Summary 2024: Underwater Noise

This short science summary for Underwater Noise was developed based on the OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World, specifically Chapter 3: Marine Renewable Energy: Stressor-Receptor Interactions.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Ocean energy and the environment: Research and strategic actions ETIP Ocean Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Managing Impacts of Human-Generated Sound on Marine Life McPherson, S. Guidance Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism
WESE Deliverable 2.3 Acoustic Monitoring Felis, I., Navarro, E., Alvarez-Castellanos, R., Bald, J., Uriarte, A., Cruz, E. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science Copping, A., Hemery, L., Overhus, D., Garavelli, L., Freeman, M., Whiting, J., Gorton, A., Farr, H., Rose, D., Tugade, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Interim Environmental Report for the ELEMENT Project France Energies Marine Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Noise
Acoustic and Benthic Targeted Research Work Groups: Summary of Findings Roberts, J., Peplinski, W., Kramer, S., West, A., Kalil, J., Omar, S., Barr, Z., Jones, C. Report Marine Energy Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Wave and Tidal Stream Critical Evidence Needs Offshore Renewables Joint Industry Programme (ORJIP) Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A Review on Environmental and Social Impacts of Thermal Gradient and Tidal Currents Energy Conversion and Application to the Case of Chiapas, Mexico Rivera, G., Felix, A., Mendoza, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Effects of marine noise pollution on Mediterranean fishes and invertebrates: A review Di Franco, E., Pierson, P., Di lorio, L., Calo, A., Cottalorda, J., Derijard, B., Di Franco, A., Galve, A., Guibbolini, M., Lebrun, J., Micheli, F., Priouzeau, F., Risso-de Faverney, C., Rossi, F., Sabourault, C., Spennato, G., Verrando, P., Guidetti, P. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates
2020 State of the Science Report - Chapter 4: Risk to Marine Animals from Underwater Noise Generated by Marine Renewable Energy Devices Polagye, B., Bassett, C. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
2020 State of the Science Report - Chapter 13: Risk Retirement and Data Transferability for Marine Renewable Energy Copping, A., Freeman, M., Gorton, A., Hemery, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave EMF, Noise Human Dimensions
OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World Copping, A., Hemery, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Cavitation observations, underwater radiated noise measurements and full-scale predictions of the Hydro-Spinna turbine Rosli, R., Shi, W., Aktas, B., Norman, R., Atlar, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Ontogenetic variation in the hearing sensitivity of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) and the implications of anthropogenic sound on behavior and communication Stanley, J., Caiger, P., Phelan, B., Shelledy, K., Mooney, T., Van Parijs, S. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise Fish
Taking the Animals' Perspective Regarding Anthropogenic Underwater Sound Popper, A., Hawkins, A., Thomsen, F. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Review of Available Models for Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Buenau, K., Garavelli, L., Hemery, L., Garcia Medina, G. , Hibler, L. Report Marine Energy Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise
Risk Retirement for Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Copping, A., Freeman, M., Overhus, D. Report Marine Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Assessing auditory masking for management of underwater anthropogenic noise Pine, M., Nikolich, K., Martin, B., Juanes, F. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise Fish
Initial Environmental Report for the ELEMENT Project Gaborieau, H., Thiébaut, M., Quillienn, N., Serre, S., Araignous, E., Safi, G. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Characterisation of underwater operational sound of a tidal stream turbine Risch, D., van Geel, N., Gillespie, D., Wilson, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Techniques for distinguishing between impulsive and non-impulsive sound in the context of regulating sound exposure for marine mammals Martin, S., Lucke, K., Barclay, D. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Risk Retirement—Decreasing Uncertainty and Informing Consenting Processes for Marine Renewable Energy Development Copping, A., Freeman, M., Gorton, A., Hemery, L. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF, Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A Vector Sensor-Based Acoustic Characterization System for Marine Renewable Energy Raghukumar, K., Chang, G., Spada, F., Jones, C. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise
A Risk Retirement Pathway for Potential Effects of Underwater Noise and Electromagnetic Fields for Marine Renewable Energy Development Copping, A., Freeman, M., Gorton, A., Hemery, L. Conference Paper Marine Energy EMF, Noise
Baseline assessment of underwater noise in the Ria Formosa Soares, C., Pacheco, A., Zabel, F., González-Goberña, E., Sequeira, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Behavioural responses in a congested sea: an observational study on a coastal nest-guarding fish Mascolino, S., Mariani, S., Benvenuto, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
SEA Wave D2.3 Environmental Demonstration Strategy Fox, J. Report Marine Energy, Wave Habitat Change, Noise Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
The importance of underwater sounds to gadoid fishes Hawkins, A., Picciulin, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Risk balancing by a marine mammal: man-made noise reduces the foraging success of seals Hastie, G., Lepper, P., McKnight, C., Milne, R., Russell, D., Thompson, D. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Using dose–response functions to improve calculations of the impact of anthropogenic noise Tyack, P., Thomas, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals
Examining the hearing abilities of fishes Popper, A., Hawkins, A., Sand, O., Sisneros, J. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
WETS Acoustic Survey Final Report 2019 Sea Engineering Inc Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Sound exposure level as a metric for analyzing and managing underwater soundscapes Martin, S., Morris, C., Bröker, C., O'Neill, C. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Recreation & Tourism
Acoustic impact of a wave energy converter in Mediterranean shallow waters Buscaino, G., Mattiazzo, G., Sannino, G., Papale, E., Bracco, G., Grammauta, R., Carillo, A., Kenny, J., De Cristofaro, N., Ceraulo, M., Mazzola, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Noise Fish
A proteomic analysis of the statocyst endolymph in common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis): an assessment of acoustic trauma after exposure to sound Solé, M., Monge, M., André, M., Quero, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates
Acoustic characterization of marine energy converters - IEC TS 62600-40:2019 International Electrotechnical Commission Guidance Marine Energy Noise
Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand Leunissen, E., Rayment, W., Dawson, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
SEA Wave D2.2 Critical analysis of environmental mitigation and monitoring strategies Fox, J. Report Marine Energy, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Final License Application for the PacWave South Project Oregon State University Report Marine Energy, Wave Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Navigation
SEA Wave D2.1 Knowledge Gaps and Consenting Risks for Wave & Tidal Energy Fox, J. Report Marine Energy, Wave Collision, Displacement, Noise Human Dimensions, Navigation, Social & Economic Data
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