Noise

Sound generated during the construction or operation of a device.

During the construction of wind energy or marine renewable energy devices, substantial noise levels can be produced by vessel or vehicle traffic and installation activities (e.g., pile driving, cable burial). Operation of these devices may additionally produce low levels of noise from the rotation of turbine blades, movement of floating devices on the surface, or strumming of mooring lines and cables. Measures to reduce noise impacts in the marine environment include the use of bubble curtains during pile driving and careful siting and timing of construction activities to avoid species’ critical migration routes and times.

Sound propagates farther and faster in water than in air, which can result in greater consequences for the marine environment. Coupled with the many other sources of anthropogenic noise in the marine environment (e.g., ships, seismic studies), the noise from offshore wind and marine renewable energy devices may impact many marine species. Noise may interfere with marine organisms’ communication, navigation, detection of prey, and ability to interact with their environment, as well as causing attraction to or avoidance of devices. Additionally, some marine organisms may be physically harmed from excessive noise exposure (e.g., tissue and nerve damage).

For more information relevant to marine energy, check out the Underwater Noise Short Science Summary produced by OES Environmental.

For more information relevant to offshore wind energy, check out the Underwater Noise Effects on Marine Life research brief produced by SEER.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 1270
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Modelling the Vertical Directivity of Noise from Underwater Drilling Ward, P., Needham, K. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Noise
Measurement of Long-Term Ambient Noise and Tidal Turbine Levels in the Bay of Fundy Martin, B., Whitt, C., McPherson, C. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Noise
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Underwater Noise During Offshore Windfarm Construction and Operation Nedwell, J., Mason, T., Barham, R. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
A Case Study on the Effects of Underwater Noise During the Construction of Large Offshore Wind Farms Mason, T., Barham, R., Nedwell, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Experimental Chronic Noise Is Related to Elevated Fecal Corticosteroid Metabolites in Lekking Male Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) Blickley, J., Word, K., Krakauer, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds
Mitigation of Low-Frequency Underwater Anthropogenic Noise using Stationary Encapsulated Gas Bubbles Lee, K., Wochner, M., Wilson, P. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
The Remote Environmental Assessment Laboratory's Acoustic Library: An Archive for Studying Soundscape Ecology Kasten, E., Gage, S., Fox, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds
Acoustic Noise Measurement Methodology for the Billia Croo Wave Energy Test Site Lepper, P., Robinson, S., Harland, E. Report Marine Energy, Wave Noise
A Model for Passive Underwater Noise Suppression by Bubble Curtains Surrounding Point or Line Sources in Shallow Water Hay, T., Ilinskii, Y., Zabolotskaya, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Request for advice about the displacement of marine mammals around operational offshore windfarms Alcock, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Long Term Monitoring of Underwater Noise at a Proposed Deployment Site of a Tidal Stream Device Broudic, M., Croft, T., Willis, M. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Cod and Sole Behaviour in an Offshore Wind Farm Winter, E., Aarts, G., van Keeken, O. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
A Vessel Noise Budget for Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, Washington (USA) Bassett, C., Polagye, B., Holt, M. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise
Averaging Underwater Noise Levels for Environmental Assessment of Shipping Merchant, N., Blondel, P., Dakin, D. Journal Article Noise
Do you hear what I hear? Implications of detector selection for acoustic monitoring of bats Adams, A., Jantzen, M., Hamilton, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Bats
Monitoring and Mitigation Alternatives for Protection of North Atlantic Right Whales during Offshore Wind Farm Installation Carlson, T., Halvorsen, M., Matzner, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Hermosa West Wind Energy Project Draft EIS - Appendix F: Bat Acoustical Studies Taylor, K., Solick, D., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Bats
Annex A: Summary of Operational Underwater Noise from a Wave Energy Converter System at the EMEC Wave Energy Test Site May 2011: Comparison of Pelamis System Operational and Baseline Noise Measurements Lepper, P., Harland, E., Robinson, S. Report Wave, Marine Energy Noise
Underwater Hearing Sensitivity of the Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea): Assessing the Potential Effect of Anthropogenic Noise Piniak, W., Eckert, S., Harms, C. Report Noise Reptiles
Influence of Blade Solidity on Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines Jonson, M., Fahnline, J., Johnson, E. Conference Paper Marine Energy Noise
Hearing Threshold Shifts and Recovery in Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) after Octave-Band Noise Exposure at 4 kHz Kastelein, R., Gransier, R., Hoek, L. Journal Article Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Potential interactions between diadromous fishes of U.K. conservation importance and the electromagnetic fields and subsea noise from marine renewable energy developments Gill, A., Bartlett, M., Thomsen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Fish
Development of a New Underwater Piling Noise Mitigation System - Using Hydro Sound Dampers (HSD) Kuhn, C., Bruns, B., Fischer, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Measurement of Radiated Ship Noise Wang, L., Robinson, S., Theobald, P. Conference Paper Noise
Experimental assessment of the insertion loss of an underwater noise mitigation screen for marine pile driving Janßen, H., de Jong, C., Jung, B. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Potential Interactions between Diadromous Fishes of U.K. Conservation Importance and the Electromagnetic Fields and Subsea Noise from Marine Renewable Energy Developments Gill, A., Bartlett, M., Thomsen, F. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Building Capacity for Marine Hydrokinetic Energy: Atlas of Potential Synergistic and Conflicting Environmental, Ecological, and Human Use Considerations Dubbs, L., Voss, C., Von Korff, B. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Recovery of Barotrauma Injuries in Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from Exposure to Pile Driving Sound Casper, B., Popper, A., Matthews, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish
Threshold for Onset of Injury in Chinook Salmon from Exposure to Impulsive Pile Driving Sounds Halvorsen, M., Casper, B., Woodley, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish
Final Report on the Acoustic, Marine Mammal and Bird Monitoring Studies During Phase 1 Pile Driving Activities ORPC Maine Report Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Birds
Evidence that ship noise increases stress in right whales Rolland, R., Parks, S., Hunt, K. Journal Article Marine Energy Noise
Operational Noise: Measurement of the operational underwater noise emission of wind turbines at the Alpha Ventus offshore wind farm Radecke, H. , Benesch, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise
Seismic Survey Mitigation Measures and Marine Mammal Observer Reports Barkaszi, M., Bulter, M., Compton, R. Report Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Aquatic Acoustic Metrics Interface Utility for Underwater Sound Monitoring and Analysis Ren, H., Halvorsen, M., Deng, Z. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Fish
Experimental Evidence for the Effects of Chronic Anthropogenic Noise on Abundance of Greater Sage-Grouse at Leks Blickley, J., Blackwood, D., Patricelli, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds
ESRa - Evaluation of Systems for Ramming Noise Mitigation at an Offshore Test Pile Wilke, F., Kloske, K., Bellmann, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Reduction of Wind Turbine Noise Annoyance: An Operational Approach Bockstael, A., Dekoninck, L., Can, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions
Fish in a Tidally Dynamic Region in Maine: Hydroacoustic Assessments in Relation to Tidal Power Development Viehman, H. Thesis Tidal, Marine Energy Noise Fish
Noise impact assessment on the basis of onsite acoustic noise immission measurements for a representative wind farm Kaldellis, J., Garakis, K., Kapsali, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise
Sounds of Western North Atlantic Fishes- Data Rescue Rountree, R., Perkins, P., Kenny, R. Journal Article Marine Energy Avoidance, Noise Fish
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