Marine Mammals

A broad term that encompasses cetaceans, pinnipeds, and others.

Marine mammals include pinnipeds (seals, sea lions), cetaceans (dolphins and whales), and sea otters. Because these organisms have fairly advanced cognitive abilities, it is fairly difficult to gauge how offshore renewable energy devices will affect marine mammals. Some of these organisms use echolocation to communicate and navigate themselves through the marine environment, which poses a concern as noise emitted from offshore renewable energy devices can have the potential to mask or hide echolocation of marine mammals. Some marine mammals also have very sensitive hearing, which makes these organisms vulnerable to loud noises generated underwater (i.e. pile driving/construction). With these issues in mind, the stressors that pose the greatest risks to marine mammals are collision, habitat change, and displacement, as well as noise.

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 1383
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Fatally entangled right whales can die extremely slowly Moore, M., Bogomolni, A., Bowman, R. Conference Paper Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Potential Impacts to Predator-Prey Relationships as a Result of the Proposed Cape Wind Project in Nantucket Sound ESS Group Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals
Methods Used During Gross Necropsy to Determine Watercraft-Related Mortality in the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) Lightsey, J., Rommel, S., Costidis, A. Journal Article Collision Marine Mammals
The effect of vessel noise on the vocal behavior of belugas in the St. Lawrence River estuary, Canada Lesage, V., Barrette, C., Kingsley, M. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Navigation
The Number and Distribution of Marine Mammals in the Fall of Warness, Orkney July 2005 - July 2006 Duck, C., Black, A., Lonergan, M. Report Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Noise on Marine Mammals and Fish Tomsen, F., Lüdemann, K., Kafemann, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Final Report on the Effect of Nysted Offshore Wind Farm on Harbour Porpoises Tougaard, J., Carstensen, J., Bech, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Long-range Effects of Airgun Noise on Marine Mammals: Responses as a Function of Received Sound Level and Distance Bain, D., Williams, R. Report Noise Marine Mammals
Techniques for Cetacean-Habitat Modeling Redfern, J., Ferguson, M., Becker, E. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Final Report on Aerial Monitoring of Seals near Nysted Offshore Wind Farm Teilmann, J., Carstensen, J., Dietz, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Wind Turbine Underwater Noise and Marine Mammals: Implications of Current Knowledge and Data Needs Madsen, P., Wahlberg, M., Tougaard, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Offshore Wind Energy Research on Environmental Impacts Köller, J., Köppel, J., Peters, W. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fish, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Likely Sensitivity of Bottlenose Dolphins to Pile-Driving Noise David, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Impacts of Offshore Wind Farm Construction on Harbour Porpoises: Acoustic Monitoring of Echolocation Activity using Porpoise Detectors (T-PODs) Carstensen, J., Henriksen, O., Teilmann, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Mitigating, Monitoring and Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Beaked Whales Barlow, J., Gisiner, R. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Understanding the Impacts of Anthropogenic Sound on Beaked Whales Cox, T., Ragen, T., Read, A. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The MINOS Project: Ecological Assessments of Possible Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Projects Kellermann, A., Eskildsen, K., Frank, B. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Birds
Final Underwater Noise Analysis of Cape Wind Energy Project ESS Group Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Distribution of Harbour Seals in the German Bight in Relation to Offshore Wind Power Plants Adelung, D., Kierspel, M., Liebsch, N. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Ecological Research on Offshore Wind Farms: International Exchange of Experiences - Part A Zucco, C., Wende, W., Merck, T. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Studying Marine Mammal Cognition in the Wild: A Review of Four Decades of Playback Experiments Deecke, V. Journal Article Marine Mammals
Underwater Auditory Localization by a Swimming Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) Bodson, A., Miersch, L., Mauck, B. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Humber Gateway Offshore Wind Farm: Marine Mammal Survey Report Shepherd, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals
Scroby Sands Seal Monitoring: Analysis of the 2005 Post-Construction Aerial Surveys Skeate, E., Perrow, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Environmental effect studies – Status more than two years after the erection of Horns Rev and Nysted Offshore Wind Farms Boesen, C., Andersen, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Post-Construction Results from The North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm May, J. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Effects of the Nysted Offshore Wind Farm on Harbour Porpoises Tougaard, J., Carstensen, J., Teilmann, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
COWRIE 1.5 The Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Sub-Sea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Wind Farm Developments on Electrically and Magnetically Sensitive Marine Organisms - A Review Gill, A., Gloyne-Philips, I., Neal, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Effects of fine-scale oceanographic features on the distribution and movements of harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena in the Bay of Fundy Johnson, D., Westgate, A., Read, A. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
EMEC Tidal Test Facility Fall of Warness Eday, Orkney: Environmental Statement Foubister, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Factors Influencing the Diving Behaviour of Fish Eating Killer Whales: Sex Differences and Diel and Interannual Variation in Diving Rates Baird, R., Hanson, M., Dill, L. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The Influence of Underwater Data Transmission Sounds on the Displacement Behaviour of Captive Harbour Seals (Phoca vitulina) Kastelein, R., van der Heul, J., Verboom, W. Journal Article Noise, Displacement Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Impacts of Anthropogenic Sound Hildebrand, J. Book Chapter Noise Marine Mammals
Some Examples of Marine Mammal 'Discomfort Thresholds' in Relation to Man-Made Noise Verboom, W., Kastelein, R. Report Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Marine Mammal Populations and Ocean Noise: Determining When Noise Causes Biologically Significant Effects National Research Council of the National Academies (NRC) Book Noise Marine Mammals
Fish and Marine Mammal Audiograms: A summary of available information Nedwell, J., Edwards, B., Turnpenny, A. Report Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary: Marine Mammals List National Marine Sanctuaries Website Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Entanglement of Australian sea lions and New Zealand fur seals in lost fishing gear and other marine debris before and after Government and industry attempts to reduce the problem Page, B., McKenzie, J., McIntosh, R. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Effects from the Construction of Nysted Offshore Wind Farm on Seals in Rødsand Seal Sanctuary Based on Remote Video Monitoring Edrén, S., Teilmann, J., Dietz, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland Connor, D., Allen, J., Golding, N. Report Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
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