Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
It Is a Balancing Act: The Interface of Scientific Evidence and Policy in Support of Effective Marine Environmental Management Lonsdale, J.; Gill, A.; Alliji, K.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Effects of pile driving sound on local movement of free-ranging Atlantic cod in the Belgian North Sea Auteurs van der Knaap, I.; Slabbekoorn, H.; Moens, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish
Anticoagulant Expsoure in Golden Eagle (Aquila Chrysaetos) Power Line Electrocution and Wind Turbine Mortalities Viner, T.; Kagan, R.; Lehner, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Post-construction Monitoring Study for the Bitter Ridge Wind Farm Jay County, Indiana Murray, K.; Voorhees, L.; Pickle, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy Collision
Curtailment Research Study for the Crescent Wind Project Hillsdale County, Michigan Fritchman, C.; Tredennick, A.; Pickle, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Responses of birds and mammals to long-established wind farms in India Kumara, H.; Babu, S.; Rao, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Use of Our Future Seas: Relevance of Spatial and Temporal Scale for Physical and Biological Indicators Trifonova, N.; Scott, B.; De Dominicis, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment
Landscape Decisions to Meet Net Zero Carbon: Pathways that consider ethics, socio-ecological diversity, and landscape functions. Landscape Decisions Report Cole, B.; Gardner, E.; Willcock, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
North American Tree Bat (Genera: Lasiurus, Lasionycteris) Migration on the Mid-Atlantic Coast—Implications and Discussion for Current and Future Offshore Wind Development True, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats
South Fork Wind: Conditions of Construction and Operations Plan Approval Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Incorporating Climate Uncertainty into Conservation Planning for Wildlife Managers Wilkening, J.; Magness, D.; Harrington, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Impacts of offshore wind farms on the atmospheric environment over Taiwan Strait during an extreme weather typhoon event Lee, T-Y.; Wu, Y-T.; Kueh, M-T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow
Post-construction Monitoring Study for the Rosewater Wind Farm White County, Indiana Rodriguez, M.; Voorhees, L.; Telander, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Life cycle assessment of the use of decommissioned wind blades in second life applications Nagle, A.; Mullally, G.; Leahy, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
A methodological framework for optimal siting of offshore wind farms: A case study on the island of Crete Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P.; Tsoutsos, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions
Better utilisation and transparency of bird data collected by powerline companies Kettel, E.; Thaxter, C.; Oppel, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Automated Detection, Classification and Counting of Fish in Fish Passages With Deep Learning Kandimalla, V.; Richard, M.; Smith, F.; et al. Journal Article Fish
Drivers of change in mountain and upland bird populations in Europe Alba, R.; Kasoar, T.; Chamberlain, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors, Waterfowl
Weakly Supervised Detection of Marine Animals in High Resolution Aerial Images Berg, P.; Maia, D.; Pham, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Marine Mammals
What’s in My Toolkit? A Review of Technologies for Assessing Changes in Habitats Caused by Marine Energy Development Hemery, L.; Mackereth, K.; Tugade, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change
Offshore wind energy development: Research priorities for sound and vibration effects on fishes and aquatic invertebrates Popper, A.; Hice-Dunton, L.; Jenkins, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Bayesian State-Space Modeling Framework for Understanding and Predicting Golden Eagle Movements Using Telemetry Data Sandhu, R.; Tripp, C.; Brandes, D.; et al. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Impact of innovation in renewable energy generation, transmission, or distribution-related technologies on carbon dioxide emission in the USA You, C.; Khattak, S.; Ahmad, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Risk to Marine Life from Marine Debris & Floating Offshore Wind Cable Systems SEER Summary Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Underwater Noise Effects on Marine Life Associated with Offshore Wind Farms SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Blowing in the Wind—Norwegian Wind Power Photographs in Transition Simonsen, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Material consumption and environmental impact of wind turbines in the USA and globally Farina, A.; Anctil, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Wind energy and its link to sustainability in developing countries Kabir, M.; Sree, N.; Khatod, K.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
A model for estimating life cycle environmental impacts of offshore wind electricity considering specific characteristics of wind farms Kouloumpis, V.; Azapagic, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Real-Time Bird Detection and Collision Risk Control in Wind Farms Georgiev, M.; Zehtindjiev, P. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
The Effect of Sound on Bird Behaviour Application in Wind Farms Georgiev, M.; Marinov, M.; Zehtindjiev, P. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Passerines
Comparison of the Home Ranges of Mountain Hawk-Eagles During Different Phases of Wind Farm Construction Nishibayashi, N.; Kitamura, W.; Yoshizaki, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance Birds, Raptors
A Survey of Sex Ratios of Raptors at a Rescue Center in China Yang, L.; Zhou, B.; Huang, X.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Current challenges and prospects of wind energy in Belarus Novikau, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Marine Mammal Stock Assessment Reports by Species/Stock NOAA Fisheries Website Marine Mammals
Understanding Vessel Strikes NOAA Fisheries Website
Study on the operation of small rooftop wind turbines and its effect on the wind environment in blocks Zhang, S.; Du, B.; Ge, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow
Environmental Studies Program: Studies Development Plan 2022-2023 Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Glossary: Marine Mammal Protection Act NOAA Fisheries Website Marine Mammals
Protected Species Observers NOAA Fisheries Website
Preliminary Data Aggregation and Analysis of the Effects on Fish, Marine Mammals, and other Marine Organisms, and the Habitats that Support them, from a Proposed Offshore Wind Farm off the Coast of Grays Harbor, Washington Severy, M.; Overhus, D.; Tugade, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
The Interplay Between EU Law and Regional Sea Conventions: Shaping Environmental Protection in Relation to Offshore Energy Production Across Europe? Giannopoulos, N. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Effects of turbine height and cut-in speed on bat and swallow fatalities at wind energy facilities Anderson, A.; Jardine, C.; Zimmerling, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Chemicals Bats
Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm Post-Construction Monitoring Year 2 (2021): Benthic Grab Survey Report Markham, C.; Hubble, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Application of underwater passive acoustic measurements of ocean sound in precipitation estimation Anagnostou, M.; Anagnostou, E.; Nystuen, J.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Wind and Fisheries: Desktop Study on the Coexistence Between Offshore Wind and Fisheries in Southern North Sea II Austrheim, E.; Dahlgren, T.; Handberg, O.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
On the radar: Weather, bird migration and aeroconservation over the North Sea Bradaric, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Environmental Impact of Solar and Wind energy- A Review Hamed, T.; Alshare, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change, Noise Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Visual Impacts
Environmental Data Catalog for the Humboldt Wind Energy Area Johnson, C.; Currier, C.; Howar, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions

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