Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
New England Wind COP Appendix III-R: Draft Piping Plover Protection Plan Epsilon Associates Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
New England Wind COP Appendix III-U: Benthic Habitat Monitoring Plan Framework Epsilon Associates Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Physical Environment
Essential Environmental Concepts for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in Europe Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Maine and Offshore Wind Development: Using the Coastal Zone Management Act and Marine Spatial Planning to Influence Projects in Federal Waters Morrissey, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Selected Environmental Impact Indicators Assessment of Wind Energy in India Using a Life Cycle Assessment Verma, S.; Paul, A.; Haque, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Life Cycle Assessment
Surface impacts of large offshore wind farms Golbazi, M.; Archer, C.; Alessandrini, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Sustainable development of renewable energy integrated power sector: Trends, environmental impacts, and recent challenges Al-Shetwi, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy
Life cycle assessment of a wind farm in Turkey Ozsahin, B.; Elginoz, N.; Babuna, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Life Cycle Assessment
Nobelwind Offshore Energy: Annual Work Report 2021 Nobelwind Offshore Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Wind Farms Alter Amphibian Community Diversity and Chorusing Behavior Trowbridge, C.; Litzgus, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
Coastal onshore wind turbines lead to habitat loss for bats in Northern Germany Reusch, C.; Lozar, M.; Kramer-Schadt, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats
Underwater Acoustic Assessment of Pile Driving during Construction at the Maryland Offshore Wind Project Marine Acoustics Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Maryland Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan: Appendix II H1 - Underwater Acoustic Assessment Marine Acoustics, Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Flight characteristics forecast entry by eagles into rotor-swept zones of wind turbines Rolek, B.; Braham, M.; Miller, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Harnessing Offshore Wind Energy along the Mexican Coastline in the Gulf of Mexico—An Exploratory Study including Sustainability Criteria Galvez, G.; Liévano, D.; Martínez, O.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
Human–Wildlife Conflicts across Landscapes—General Applicability vs. Case Specificity Göttert, T.; Starik, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions
Counterfactuals to Assess Effects to Species and Systems from Renewable Energy Development Katzner, T.; Allison, T.; Diffendorfer, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Passive acoustic monitoring during the construction of the Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind project Lin, T.; Newhall, A.; Miller, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Curtailment and acoustic deterrents reduce bat mortality at wind farms Good, R.; Iskali, G.; Lombardi, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
An Evaluation of Wind Turbine-Induced Topographic Change in the Offshore Intertidal Sandbank Using Remote Sensing-Constructed Digital Elevation Model Data Zhang, D.; Zhang, H.; Zhou, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Expert perspectives on the wind plant of the future Beiter, P.; Rand, J.; Seel, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Decommissioning Programme Equinor Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Study on Underwater Target Tracking Technology Based on an LSTM–Kalman Filtering Method Wang, M.; Xu, C.; Zhou, C.; et al. Journal Article Collision
The Future of American Offshore Wind Energy: An Environmental and Economic Analysis Wan, O. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Review of seabird monitoring technologies for offshore wind farms Nicholls, A.; Barker, M.; Armitage, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Automated Classification of Bat Echolocation Call Recordings with Artificial Intelligence Tabak, M.; Murray, K.; Reed, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions
Factors affecting searcher efficiency and scavenger removal of bat carcasses in Neotropical wind facilities Barros, M.; Iannuzzi, L.; Silva, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A Study on Wind Farms in New Jersey: Life Cycle Assessment and Acceptance of Wind Farms by the Tourists and Acceptance of Wind Farms by the To Shoaib, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Commercial Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Humboldt Wind Energy Area, California Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); BOEM Environmental Studies Program Report Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
In the shadow of wind energy: Predicting community exposure and annoyance to wind turbine shadow flicker in the United States Haac, R.; Darlow, R.; Kaliski, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
How far do noise concerns travel? Exploring how familiarity and justice shape noise expectations and social acceptance of planned wind energy projects Dällenbach, N.; Wüstenhagen, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data
Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind Commercial Project Construction and Operations Plan Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Assessment of the visual impact of offshore wind farms Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P.; Papadopoulos, S.; Tsoutsos, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
ProBat 7 – Intelligent wind turbine operation management for the protection of bats as a permit condition for wind turbines Johst, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Guideline for underwater noise: Installation of impact or vibratory driven piles Danish Energy Agency Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A brief overview of current approaches for underwater sound analysis and reporting van Geel, N.; Risch, D.; Wittich, A. Journal Article Noise
Participatory Methodologies and the Production of Data on Artisanal Fishing in Areas with Offshore Wind Farm Projects in Ceará, Brazil de Figueiredo Xavier, T.; Gorayeb, A.; Brannstrom, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Grand Challenges in the Digitalisation of Wind Energy Clifton, A.; Barber, S.; Bray, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy
Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Presence of Vessels: Effects of Vessel Collision on Marine Life SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Post-Construction Bird and Bat Fatality Monitoring Study Crowned Ridge II Wind Farm Codington, Grant, and Deuel Counties, South Dakota Chodachek, K.; Suehring, A.; Wilson, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Maintenance and End-of-Life Analysis in LCA for Barge-Type Floating Wind Turbine Yildiz, N.; Hemida, H.; Baniotopoulos, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Life Cycle Assessment
Offshore Aquaculture: A Market for Ocean Renewable Energy Freeman, M.; Garavelli, L.; Wilson, E.; et al. Report Marine Energy Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) Husby, M.; Pearson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore renewables need an experimental mindset Johnson, A.; Dawson, C.; Conners, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
The Effects of Anthropogenic Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on the Early Development of Two Commercially Important Crustaceans, European Lobster, Homarus gammarus (L.) and Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) Harsanyi, P.; Scott, K.; Easton, B.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Factors influencing wind turbine avoidance behaviour of a migrating soaring bird Santos, C.; Ramesh, H.; Ferraz, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Exploring the global and local social sustainability of wind energy technologies: An application of a social impact assessment framework Buchmayr, A.; Verhofstadt, E.; Van Ootegem, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions
IEA Wind White Paper Cumulative Effects Analysis for Wind Energy Development: Current Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities Gill, E.; Hein, C. Report Wind Energy
Hotspots in the grid: Avian sensitivity and vulnerability to collision risk from energy infrastructure interactions in Europe and North Africa Gauld, J.; Silva, J.; Atkinson, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds

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