The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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| Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glider Surveillance for Near-Real-Time Detection and Spatial Management of North Atlantic Right Whales | Indeck, K.; Baumgartner, M.; Lecavalier, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Environmental Effects of Offshore Wind Energy in the Gulf of Mexico: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs [Booklet] | Severy, M.; Farr, H.; Richlen, M.; et al. | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
| Technology Gaps for Monitoring Birds and Marine Mammals at Offshore Wind Facilities | Courbis, S.; Williams, K.; Stepanuk, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Marine Mammals | |
| Evaluating the Impacts of Offshore Wind Development on Marine Ecosystems | King, C. | Thesis | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
| Wind Energy: Technologies and Approaches to Help Address Environmental Effects | United States Government Accountability Office | Report | Wind Energy | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
| The Potential Environmental Impacts of Floating Offshore Wind in California | California Ocean Science Trust | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
| Evaluating drivers of recent large whale strandings on the East Coast of the United States | Thorne, L.; Wiley, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Using a Mechanical Whale to Test Automatic Whale Blow Detection with Applications to Offshore Wind Development | Eaton, R.; Prisco, J.; Everson, J.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Will wind development adversely impact North Atlantic right whales through an increase in vessel traffic? | Bishop, A. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Offshore Wind Facts: Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles | Special Initiative on Offshore Wind | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
| Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
| Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2023 | Magnus, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality | |
| A management-focused population viability analysis for North Atlantic right whales | Runge, M.; Linden, D.; Hostetler, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Offshore Wind Energy Development and North Atlantic Right Whales | Silber, G.; Dangerfield, A.; Smith, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2022 | Magnus, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
| Update on Strandings of Large Whales along the East Coast | Marine Mammal Commission | Report | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs | SEER; Green, R.; Hein, C.; et al. | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
| Offshore Wind Lease Issuance, Site Characterization, and Site Assessment: Central and Northern California | Reeb, D.; Schroeder, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
| Presence of Vessels: Effects of Vessel Collision on Marine Life | SEER | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
| South Fork Wind: Conditions of Construction and Operations Plan Approval | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
| Understanding Vessel Strikes | NOAA Fisheries | Website | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Reptiles | ||
| Marine Mammals Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts | Southall, B.; Morse, L.; Williams, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals | |
| Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities | Farr, H.; Ruttenberg, B.; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
| Risk Assessment to Model Encounter Rates between Large Whales and Sea Turtles and Vessel Traffic from Offshore Wind Energy on the Atlantic OCS | Barkaszi, M.; Fonseca, M.; Foster, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
| Estimating effectiveness of speed reduction measures for decreasing whale-strike mortality in a high-risk region | Rockwood, R.; Adams, J.; Silber, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects | HT Harvey and Associates | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
| North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis) Vessel Speed Rule Assessment | NOAA Fisheries | Report | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| Summary of Discussions from the Marine Mammal Specialist Committee of the Environmental Technical Working Group (E-TWG) | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise, Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
| Economic Analysis of the North Atlantic Right Whale Vessel Speed Restriction Rule | Industrial Economics Inc | Report | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| The State of the Science on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy Development: Workshop Proceedings | Gulka, J.; Williams, K. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
| Differential Vulnerability to Ship Strikes Between Day and Night for Blue, Fin, and Humpback Whales Based on Dive and Movement Data From Medium Duration Archival Tags | Calambokidis, J.; Fahlbusch, J.; Szesciorka, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| Monitoring of Marine Mammal Strandings Along French Coasts Reveals the Importance of Ship Strikes on Large Cetaceans: A Challenge for the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive | Peltier, H.; Beaufils, A.; Cesarini, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| Best Management Practices for North Atlantic Right Whales During Offshore Wind Energy Construction and Operations Along the U.S. East Coast | Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
| Environmental Sensitivity and Associated Risk to Habitats and Species Offshore Central California and Hawaii from Offshore Floating Wind Technologies | Morandi, A.; Berkman, S.; Rowe, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
| High mortality of blue, humpback and fin whales from modeling of vessel collisions on the U.S. West Coast suggests population impacts and insufficient protection | Rockwood, R.; Calambokidis, J.; Jahncke, J. | Journal Article | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals | ||
| Renewables, Shipping, and Protected Species: A Vanishing Opportunity for Effective Marine Spatial Planning? | Petruny, L.; Wright, A.; Smith, C. | Book Chapter | Noise, Vessel Strike | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation | ||
| Vessel Strikes to Large Whales Before and After the 2008 Ship Strike Rule | van der Hoop, J.; Vanderlaan, A.; Cole, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| Has Designating and Protecting Critical Habitat had an Impact on Endangered North Atlantic Right Whale Ship Strike Mortality? | Mullen, K.; Peterson, M.; Todd, S. | Journal Article | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| Absolute Probability Estimates of Lethal Vessel Strikes to North Atlantic Right Whales in Roseway Basin, Scotian Shelf | van der Hoop, J.; Vanderlaan, A.; Taggart, C. | Journal Article | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| REPCET Realtime Plotting of Cetaceans: Presentation of the System | Mayol, P. | Report | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Navigation | ||
| Light-Induced Bird Strikes on Vessels in Southwest Greenland | Merkel, F.; Johansen, K. | Journal Article | Lighting, Vessel Strike | Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl | ||
| Hydrodynamics of a Ship/Whale Collision | Silber, G.; Slutsky, J.; Bettridge, S. | Journal Article | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| Association Between Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Mortality and Ship Strikes Along the California Coast | Berman-Kowalewski, M.; Gulland, F.; Wilkin, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
| Mechanics of the Right Whale Mandible: Full Scale Testing and Finite Element Analysis | Tsukrov, I.; DeCew, J.; Baldwin, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| Endangered Fish and Wildlife; Final Rule To Implement Speed Restrictions to Reduce the Threat of Ship Collisions With North Atlantic Right Whales | National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) | Guidance | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Navigation | ||
| Gross and Histologic Evidence of Sharp and Blunt Trauma in North Atlantic Right Whales (Eubalaena glacialis) Killed by Vessels | Campbell-Malone, R.; Barco, S.; Daoust, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| Vessel Collisions with Whales: The Probability of Lethal Injury Based on Vessel Speed | Vanderlaan, A.; Taggart, C. | Journal Article | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| Using Ship Speed and Mass to Describe Potential Collision Severity with Whales: An Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy and Environment Model (STEEM) | Wang, C.; Lyons, S.; Corbett, J.; et al. | Report | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| North Atlantic Right Whales (Eubalaena glacialis) Ignore Ships but Respond to Alerting Stimuli | Nowacek, D.; Johnson, M.; Tyack, P. | Journal Article | Attraction, Noise, Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | ||
| Large Whale Ship Strike Database | Jensen, A.; Silber, G. | Report | Vessel Strike | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
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