Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Post‐Construction Bat and Bird Fatality Study at the Blue Sky Green Field Wind Energy Center, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin: July 21, 2008 – October 31, 2008 and March 15, 2009 – June 4, 2009 Gruver, J.; Sonnenburg, M.; Bay, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Development of Underwater Flora and Fauna Communities on Hard Substrates of the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee Lengkeek, W.; Bouma, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
Behavior of Scandinavian Bats During Migration and Foraging at Sea Ahlén, I.; Baagøe, H.; Bach, L. Journal Article Bats
Bats on the move Popa-Lisseanu, A.; Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Lynn and Inner Dowsing Hydrographic Monitoring Survey Fugro EMU Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
The Effect of Signal Duration on the Underwater Hearing Thresholds of Two Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) for Single Tonal Signals Between 0.2 and 40 kHz Kastelein, R.; Hoek, L.; Wensveen, P.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Studying The Behaviour And Sensory Ecology Of Marine Mammals Using Acoustic Recording Tags: A Review Johnson, M.; Soto, N.; Madsen, P. Journal Article Marine Mammals
Acoustic Masking In Marine Ecosystems: Intuitions, Analysis, And Implication Clark, C.; Ellison, W.; Southall, B.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals
Anthropogenic and natural sources of ambient noise in the ocean Hildebrand, J. Journal Article Noise
Wind Turbine Sound and Health Effects: An Expert Panel Review Colby, W.; Dobie, R.; Leventhall, G.; et al. Report Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Effects Of Ambient And Boat Noise On Hearing And Communication In Three Fish Species Living In A Marine Protected Area (Miramare, Italy) Codarin, A.; Wysocki, L.; Ladich, F.; et al. Journal Article Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Marine Renewable Energy: Potential Benefits to Biodiversity? An Urgent Call for Research Inger, R.; Attrill, M.; Bearhop, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Ecosystem Processes
Report to Congress on the Potential Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies US Department of Energy (DOE) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway (Bird Wind): Progress Report 2009 Bevanger, K.; Berntsen, F.; Clausen, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Basic Mechanisms in Pinniped Vision Hanke, F.; Hanke, W.; Scholtyssek, C.; et al. Journal Article Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
What is the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds? A Case Study in Southern Spain Farfan, M.; Vargas, J.; Duarte, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds
Geographic Variation in Activity and Fatality of Migratory Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Baerwald, E.; Barclay, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Large Scale Risk-Assessment of Wind-Farms on Population Viability of a Globally Endangered Long-Lived Raptor Carrete, M.; Sanchez-Zapata, J.; Benitez, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Raptors, Birds
Causes of Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines: Hypotheses and Predictions Cryan, P.; Barclay, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
2009 Spring, Summer, and Fall Avian and Bat Surveys Stantec Consulting Report Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Differences in bat activity in relation to bat detector height: implications for bat surveys at proposed windfarm sites Collins, J.; Jones, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Comparative life-cycle assessment of a small wind turbine for residential off-grid use Fleck, B.; Huot, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Offshore Wind and Marine Renewable Energy in Northern Ireland Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Life cycle energy and greenhouse emissions analysis of wind turbines and the effect of size on energy yield Crawford, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Social Movements and Industry Development: The Environmental Movement's Impact on the Wind Energy Industry Vasi, I. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Status and Applications of Acoustic Mitigation and Monitoring Systems for Marine Mammals Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Workshop Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
The Physics Of Geomagnetic-Field Transduction In Animals Winklhofer, M. Journal Article EMF Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Spatial Planning of Offshore Wind Farms: A Windfall to Marine Environmental Protection? Punt, M.; Groeneveld, R.; Van Ierland, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Spatial Planning, Human Dimensions
Ripley Wind Power Project Post-Construction Monitoring Report Jacques Whitford Stantec Limited Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Challenges and Solutions of Remote Sensing at Offshore Wind Energy Developments Kelly, T.; West, T.; Davenport, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Comparison of Visual and Digital Aerial Survey Results of Avian Abundance for Round 3, Norfolk Region Burt, L.; Rexstad, E.; Buckland, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
High Definition Imagery for Surveying Seabirds and Marine Mammals: A Review of Recent Trials and Development of Protocols Thaxter, C.; Burton, N. Report Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Birds
Modelling Human Impacts on the Tasmanian Wedge-Tailed Eagle (Aquila audax fleayi) Bekessy, S.; Wintle, B.; Gordon, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Raptors, Birds
Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals [Presentation] Miller, J.; Potty, G.; Raposa, K.; et al. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Real-Time Environmental Monitoring from a Wind Farm Platform in the Texas Hypoxia Zone Mullins, R.; DiMarco, S.; Walpert, J.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Map-Based Repowering and Reorganization of a Wind Resource Area to Minimize Burrowing Owl and Other Bird Fatalities Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Bell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Behavioral Responses of Beaked Whales and Other Cetaceans to Controlled Exposures of Simulated Sonar and Other Sounds Southall, B.; Tyack, P.; Moretti, D.; et al. Presentation Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Preliminary Flora and Fauna Assessment - Penshurst Wind Farm McMahon, A.; Marr, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals Miller, J.; Potty, G.; Raposa, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Life cycle analysis of 4.5 MW and 250 W wind turbines Tremeac, B.; Meunier, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Wave Power Potential along the Atlantic Coast of the Southeastern USA Defne, Z.; Haas, K.; Fritz, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave
An Integrated Risk Framework for Gigawatt-Scale Deployments of Renewable Energy: The U.S. Wind Energy Case Ram, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
A Comparison of Offshore Wind Power Development in Europe and the US: Patterns and Drivers of Development Snyder, B.; Kaiser, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Collision Risk of Birds with Modern Large Wind Turbines Krijgsveld, K.; Akershoek, K.; Schenk, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Wind Energy Development, Prescribed Fire and Migratory Land Birds in the Southeastern United States: Breeding, Stopover, and Wintering Habitat Relationships Brennan, L.; Ballard, B.; Kuvlesky, W. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Towers, Turbines, Power Lines, and Buildings-Steps Being Taken by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to Avoid or Minimize Take of Migratory Birds at these Structures Manville, A. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Interim summary: bat acoustic monitoring at the proposed Blue Creek Wind Farm, Paulding and Van Wert County, Ohio BHE Environmental Inc Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Range Management Practices to Reduce Wind Turbine Impacts on Burrowing Owls and Other Raptors in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Bell, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Port Elizabeth Wind Energy Facility Avifaunal and Bat Impact Assessment Strugnell, L.; Smallie, J.; Patterson-Abrolat, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds, Bats
Potential Impacts of Wind Farm Energy Development on Upland Game Birds: Questions and Concerns Brennan, L.; Perez, R.; DeMaso, S.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds

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