Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Characterizing the Relative Contributions of Large Vessels to Total Ocean Noise Fields: A Case Study Using the Gerry E. Studds Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Hatch, L.; Clark, C.; Merrick, R.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Perceived Concerns and Possible Management Strategies for Governing 'Wind-Farm Mariculture Integration' Michler-Cieluch, T.; Krause, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Social & Economic Data, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
On The Influence Of Large Wind Farms On The Upper Ocean Circulation Broström, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Kentish Flats Offshore Wind Farm Turbine Foundation Faunal Colonisation Diving Survey Fugro EMU Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
The Relation Between Birds and Wind Turbines and Other Aerial Obstacles - A Literature Survey Nygård, T.; Bevanger, K.; Reitan, O. Report Wind Energy Birds
Energy analysis and environmental life cycle assessment of a micro-wind turbine Allen, S.; Hammond, G.; McManus, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Public acceptance of renewable energies: Results from case studies in Germany Zoellner, J.; Schweizer-Ries, P.; Wemheuer, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data
Minimal effects of wind turbines on the distribution of wintering farmland birds Devereux, C.; Denny, M.; Whittingham, M. Journal Article Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Colonization of an Artificial Hard Substrate by Mytilus edulis in the German Bight Joschko, T.; Buck, B.; Gutow, L.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates
At-Sea Distribution and Movements of Nesting and Non-Nesting Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus in Northern California Hebert, P.; Golightly, R. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: Iberdrola Renewables Iberdrola Renewables Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Endangered Fish and Wildlife; Final Rule To Implement Speed Restrictions to Reduce the Threat of Ship Collisions With North Atlantic Right Whales National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Guidance Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Collision Fatality of Raptors in Wind Farms does not Depend on Raptor Abundance de Lucas, M.; Janss, G.; Whitfield, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
The use of 'ecological risk' for assessing effects of human activities: an example including eutrophication and offshore wind farm construction in the North Sea Nunneri, C.; Lenhart, H.; Burkhard, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions
Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring of Migrating Waterbirds Piper, W.; Kulik, G.; Durinck, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Whale Entanglements With Submarine Telecommunication Cables Wood, M.; Carter, L. Journal Article Marine Energy Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Oregon Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Wind Energy: Siting and Permitting Guidelines Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Taskforce Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Biological Study Plan East Ridge Wind Energy Project Gerhardt, R.; Luginbuhl, J.; Gritski, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Spatial Overlap of Wind Farms on Peatland with Sensitive Areas for Birds Bright, J.; Langston, R.; Pearce-Higgins, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Fouling Assemblages on Offshore Wind Power Plants and Adjacent Substrata Wilhelmsson, D.; Malm, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Automatic Identification of Bird Targets with Radar via Patterns Produced by Wing Flapping Zaugg, S.; Saporta, G.; van Loon, E.; et al. Journal Article Birds
The Importance of Marine Spatial Planning in Advancing Ecosystem-Based Sea Use Management Douvere, F. Journal Article Marine Spatial Planning, Human Dimensions, Ecosystem Processes
Map of Bird Sensitivities to Wind Farms in Scotland: A Tool to Aid Planning and Conservation Bright, J.; Langston, R.; Bullman, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm Food Basis for Common Scoter Skov, H.; Durinck, J.; Erichsen, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring of Resting Waterbirds Skov, H.; Piper, W.; Leonhard, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
The Influence of 70 and 120 kHz Tonal Signals on the Behavior of Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in a Floating Pen Kastelein, R.; Verboom, W.; Jennings, N.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals
Key conservation issues for migratory land- and waterbird species on the world's major flyways Kirby, J.; Stattersfield, A.; Butchart, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Conclusions: Benefits, lessons learned, and future challenges of marine spatial planning Ehler, C. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) static acoustic monitoring: laboratory detection thresholds of T-PODs are reflected in field sensitivity Kyhn, L.; Tougaard, J.; Teilmann, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Barotrauma is a Significant Cause of Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines Baerwald, E.; D'Amours, G.; Klug, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats
Over the Sea and Far Away? A Consideration of the Planning, Politics and Public Perception of Offshore Wind Farms Haggett, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Marine Spatial Planning, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Factors influencing carcass removal at wind-farms, in mountain areas of the center-north region of Portugal Silva, B.; Barreiro, S.; Alves, P. Presentation Wind Energy Bats
Over the sea and far away? A consideration of the planning, politics and public perception of offshore wind farms Haggett, C. Journal Article Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Raptors and Wind Energy Development in the Central Appalachians: Where We Stand on the Issue Katzner, T.; Brandes, D.; Lanzone, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Life-cycle assessment of a 2-MW rated power wind turbine: CML method Martínez, E.; Sanz, F.; Pellegrini, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Patterns of Avian and Bat Mortality at a Utility-Scaled Wind Farm on the Southern High Plains Miller, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
West Coast Marine Bird Surveys - Quantitative shipboard surveys of species distribution and abundance on the continental shelf during April 2008 and July-August 2008 Zamon, J. Report Birds
Scroby Sands Ornithological Monitoring: Assessing the impacts of the Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm upon Little Tern Sternula albifrons: summary of monitoring programme 2002-2006 ECON Ecological Consultancy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Fish
Compatibility of Magnetic Imprinting and Secular Variation Putman, N.; Lohmann, K. Journal Article EMF Fish, Demersal Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Kentish Flats Wind Farm Fifth Ornithological Monitoring Report Gill, J.; Sales, D.; Pinder, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Vision and the foraging technique of Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo): pursuit or close‐quarter foraging? Martin, G.; White, C.; Butler, P. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
Wind Farms and Mires in the Basque Country and North-West Navarra, Spain Heras, P.; Infante, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Effects of Wind Farm Construction and Operation on Mire and Wet Heath Vegetation in the Monte Maior SCI, North-West Spain Fagúndez, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Evaluating Pre-Construction Sampling Regimes for Assessing Patterns of Bat Activity at a Wind Energy Development in Southern California Weller, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Estimating the Ability of Birds to Sustain Additional Human-Caused Mortalities Using a Simple Decision Rule and Allometric Relationships Dillingham, P.; Fletcher, D. Journal Article Birds
How Ecofriendly are Wind Farms? Cohn, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Raptors, Birds, Bats
Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis: Molossidae Chiroptera) at high altitude: links to migratory insect populations McCracken, G.; Gillam, E.; Westbrook, J.; et al. Journal Article Bats
Accounting for biological and physical sources of acoustic backscatter improves estimates of zooplankton biomass Warren, J.; Wiebe, P. Journal Article Ecosystem Processes
Underwater Radiated Noise Due to the Piling for the Q7 Offshore Wind Park de Jong, C.; Ainslie, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Collision Effects of Wind-power Generators and Other Obstacles on Birds Drewitt, A.; Langston, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds

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