Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind and marine renewable energy, supporting the OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Tidal Stream Energy Project: Collision Risk Data and Evidence Summary Phillips, E.; Wren, S.; King, G.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Sustainability Assessment of an Oscillating Water Column During the Design, Installation, Operation, and Disassembly Phases Gallego-Ramírez, C.; López-Mosquera, J.; Chica, E.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Sea Space Analysis for Wave and Tidal Energy Lee, S.; Strong, V.; Anning, D.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
A Fuzzy Logic Technique for the Environmental Impact Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Power Plants Flores, P.; Mendoza, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Ocean Current, OTEC, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Visual Impacts
Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure Nielsen, K.; Robertson, B.; Sierman, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Seals exhibit localised avoidance of operational tidal turbines Montabaranom, J.; Gillespie, D.; Longden, E.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Developing the Offshore Wind that Birds Need Seavy, N.; Wojcicki, S.; Madden, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report July 2023 to June 2024 Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Scenarios for Replacing Conventional Energy With Offshore Renewable Energy Along the Central California Coast Ruttenberg, B.; Wang, Y. ; Walter, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Performance of a fine-scale acoustic positioning system for monitoring temperate fish behavior in relation to offshore marine developments Shipley, O.; Nicoll, A.; Cerrato, R.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Fish
Methodology for Combining Digital Aerial Survey Data and Passive Acoustic Baseline Data Harris, D.; Chudzinska, M.; Jacobson, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Wave and Tidal Energy: Evaluation of Feasibility, Costs, and Benefits Senate Bill 605 Report Lee, S.; Strong, V.; Aspen Environmental Group Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World OES-Environmental Report Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Technology Gaps for Monitoring Birds and Marine Mammals at Offshore Wind Facilities Courbis, S.; Williams, K.; Stepanuk, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Marine Mammals
Evaluating the Impacts of Offshore Wind‬ Development on Marine Ecosystems‬ ‭ King, C. Thesis Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Frequently Asked Questions: Offshore Wind and Whales Whale Communications Committee; Biodiversity Research Institute Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Guidance for Pre- and Post-Construction Monitoring to Detect Changes in Marine Bird Distributions and Habitat Use Related to Offshore Wind Development Avian Displacement Guidance Committee Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement Birds
SEABIRD: System for Environmental Assessment of Bird/Bat Interactions with Real-time Detection Chang, G.; Chevitarese, M.; Kramer, S.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Offshore Wind Facts: Birds and Bats Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds
Animal displacement from marine energy development: Mechanisms and consequences Hemery, L.; Garavelli, L.; Copping, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement
Observations of harbour porpoises in offshore wind farms Final report Leemans, J.; Fijn, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
NextWind: Advancing Wind Energy Technology Using Real-Time Monitoring Systems in a Digital Twin Application Siddiqi, K.; Kramer, S.; Schneider, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
An Eulerian perspective on habitat models of striped bass occurrence in an offshore wind development area Rothermel, E.; O'Brien, M.; Best, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement Fish, Pelagic Fish
Report on the ICES Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME) 2023 Ahola, M.; Alves, F.; Authier, M.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates
Maritime Spatial Planning in Europe: Discussion Paper on the Challenges and Potential Opportunities Around the Colocation of Offshore Wind Energy with Marine Protected Areas Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Imaging-sonar observations of salmonid interactions with a vertical axis instream turbine Bender, A.; Langhamer, O.; Francisco, F.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine Attraction, Avoidance Fish
Measuring Detection Efficiency of High-Residency Acoustic Signals for Estimating Probability of Fish–Turbine Encounter in a Fast-Flowing Tidal Passage Sanderson, B.; Bangley, C.; McGarry, L.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Fish
Probability of Atlantic Salmon Post-Smolts Encountering a Tidal Turbine Installation in Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy Sanderson, B.; Karsten, R.; Solda, C.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance Fish, Pelagic Fish
Fish response to the presence of hydrokinetic turbines as a sustainable energy solution Müller, S.; Muhawenimana, V.; Sonnino-Sorisio, G.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine Attraction, Avoidance Fish
New insights into the influence of turbines on the behaviour of migrant birds: implications for predicting impacts of offshore wind developments on wildlife Willmott, J.; Forcey, G.; Vukovich, M. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report: Land based bird and mammal surveys Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Evidence for the effects of decommissioning man-made structures on marine ecosystems globally: a systematic map Lemasson, A.; Somerfield, P.; Schratzberger, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs SEER; Green, R.; Hein, C.; et al. Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Vulnerability of pelagic seabirds to the introduction of offshore renewable energy infrastructure off the Irish coast Murphy, E.; Jessopp, M. Research Study Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Commercial Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Humboldt Wind Energy Area, California Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); BOEM Environmental Studies Program Report Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Offshore renewables need an experimental mindset Johnson, A.; Dawson, C.; Conners, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Measuring and visualizing environmental and social impacts of wind energy projects Pian, A.; Verhoef, J.; De Vries, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Investigating avoidance and attraction responses in lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus to offshore wind farms Johnston, D.; Thaxter, C.; Boersch-Supan, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Experimental study of fish behavior near a tidal turbine model under dark conditions Yoshida, T.; Furuichi, D.; Williamson, B.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Fish
Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) presence is reduced during tidal turbine operation Palmer, L.; Gillespie, D.; Macaulay, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Quantifying the effects of tidal turbine array operations on the distribution of marine mammals: Implications for collision risk Onoufriou, J.; Russell, D.; Thompson, D.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Wozep midterm evaluation 2021 Odinga, J.; Barbé, D.; van Mastrigt, A.; et al. Report Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Monitoring and Modeling Tree Bat (Genera: Lasiurus, Lasionycteris) Occurrence Using Acoustics on Structures off the Mid-Atlantic Coast—Implications for Offshore Wind Development True, M.; Reynolds, R.; Ford, W. Journal Article Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Hywind Scotland Ornithological Monitoring Programme: Overwintering distributions of common guillemot and razorbill populations in Eastern Scotland Bogdanova, M.; Buckingham, L.; Newell, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
A Review of Biodiversity Data Needs and Monitoring Protocols for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in the Baltic Sea and North Sea Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Are fish in danger? A review of environmental effects of marine renewable energy on fishes Copping, A.; Hemery, L.; Viehman, H.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Fish
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report: Subsea video monitoring Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals

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