United States of America

United States of America (USA) is located in North America, covers 9,833,517 km2 (3,796,742 mile2) of land surface, and has a population of 333 million people (UN data, 2021). The USA’s primary energy production is 25,245 terawatt-hours (TWh), and energy supply per capita is 79 MWh (UN data, 2021). Oil is the largest source of energy consumed, accounting for 38% of the national total (Our World in Data, 2023). The USA is home to 1,841 threatened species (UN data, 2021).

The USA is currently a member of Ocean Energy Systems, participating in OES-Environmental. The USA had 2 policy and 6 project highlights in the 2023 OES Annual Report.

The USA is currently a member of IEA Wind, participating in WREN. The USA had a total installed wind power capacity of 144.2 GW by the end of 2022, an increase of 8.30 GW from the year before (IEA-Wind 2022 Annual Report).

Affiliated Marine and Wind Energy Environmental Documents

Total results: 2242
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Nine Canyon Wind Power Project Avian and Bat Monitoring Report: September 2002 - August 2003 Erickson, W., Kronner, K., Gritski, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Passerines, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Cumulative Impacts Analysis for Avian and Other Wildlife Resources from Proposed Wind Projects in Kittitas County, Washington Young, D. Jr., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Terrestrial Mammals
Breeding Bird Survey for the Flat Rock Wind Power Project, Lewis County, New York, Fall 2004 Kerlinger, P., Dowdell, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Auditory and Behavioral Responses of California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) to Single Underwater Impulses from an Arc-Gap Transducer Finneran, J., Dear, R., Carder, D. Journal Article Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Use of Multiple Orientation Cues by Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles, Caretta caretta Avens, L., Lohmann, K. Journal Article EMF Reptiles
Bird Observations at the Pickering Wind Turbine James, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Breeding Bird Survey for the Searsburg/Readsboro Expansion Wind Project, Bennington County, Vermont Kerlinger, P., Dowdell, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Passerines, Birds
Cape Wind Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Diver Survey Woods Hole Group, Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Adaptive Management and Ecological Restoration Murray, C., Marmorek, D. Book Chapter Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Interim Guidelines to Avoid and Minimize Wildlife Impacts from Wind Turbines US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Stateline Wind Project Wildlife Monitoring Annual Report: Results for the Period July 2001 - December 2002 Erickson, W., Jeffrey, J., Kronner, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Analysis of Potential Avian/Wind Plant Interactions in Klickitat County, Washington Johnson, G., Erickson, W., Strickland, M. Report Wind Energy
Life Histories of Bats: Life in the Slow Lane Barclay, R., Harder, L. Book Chapter Wind Energy Collision Bats
Environmental Assessment: Wind Energy Center Edgeley/Kulm Project North Dakota Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Baseline Avian Studies for the Proposed Hopkins Ridge Wind Project, Columbia County, Washington: Final Report Young, D. Jr., Erickson, W., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Waterfowl, Shorebirds, Raptors, Passerines, Birds
Addendum to the Phase I Avian Risk Assessment for the Flat Rock Wind Power Project, Lewis County, New York: Phase One and Phase Two Kerlinger, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Avian Interactions with Wind Power Structures Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Report Wind Energy Birds
Phase I Avian Risk Assessment for the Windmar Project, Guyanilla, Puerto Rico Kerlinger, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Effects of offshore wind farms on birds: "Cuisinarts of the sky" or just tilting at windmills? Tingley, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Avian and Sensitive Species Baseline Study Final Report: Eurus Combine Hills Turbine Ranch Umatilla County, Oregon Young, D. Jr., Erickson, W., Jeffrey, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Collision Potential of Eiders and Other Birds Near a Proposed Windfarm at St. Lawrence Island, October-November 2002 Day, R., Rose, J., Ritchie, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Waterfowl, Shorebirds, Seabirds, Raptors, Birds
Avian and Bat Mortality During the First Year of Operation at the Klondike Phase I Wind Project, Sherman County, Oregon Johnson, G., Erickson, W., White, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Avian and Bat Mortality Associated with the Initial Phase of the Foote Creek Rim Windpower Project, Carbon County, Wyoming November 1998-June 2002 Young, D. Jr., Erickson, W., Good, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
True Navigation and Magnetic Maps in Spiny Lobsters Boles, L., Lohmann, K. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Environmental Assessment for Proposed Wave Energy Technology Project in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii Office of Naval Research Report Marine Energy, Wave
Wildlife Baseline Study for the Kittitas Valley Wind Project: Summary of Results from 2002 Wildlife Surveys Erickson, W., Jeffrey, J., Young, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
National Wind Technology Center Site Environmental Assessment: Bird and Bat Use and Fatalities - Final Report Schmidt, E., Piaggo, A., Bock, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Mortality of Bats at a Large-Scale Wind Power Development at Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota Johnson, G., Erickson, W., Strickland, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Proposed Wave Energy Technology Project Environmental Assessment US Department of the Navy Report Marine Energy, Wave Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism
Offshore Wind Farms in the Western Great Lakes: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of their Potential Hingtgen, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
U.S. West Coast Groundfish Bottom Trawl Survey NOAA Fisheries Website Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Comparison of Avian Responses to UV-Light-Reflective Paint on Wind Turbines Young, D., Erickson, W., Strickland, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Lighting, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Guidelines for Wind Power and Wildlife in Washington State, USA Ling, S., Linehan, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
A Roadmap for PIER Research on Avian Collisions with Wind Turbines in California Sterner, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Raptors
Synthesis and Comparison of Baseline Avian and Bat Use, Raptor Nesting and Mortality Information from Proposed and Existing Wind Developments Erickson, W., Johnson, G., Young, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Assessment of Bat Community Structure and Roosting Habitat Preferences for the Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus) Near Foote Creek Rim, Wyoming Gruver, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Effects of Wind Turbines on Birds and Bats in Northeastern Wisconsin Howe, R., Evans, W., Wolf, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Baseline Avian Studies for the Proposed Maiden Wind Farm, Yakima and Benton Counties, Washington Young, D., Erickson, W., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Environmental Assessment Seabed Survey: Makah Bay Thales GeoSolutions, Inc. Report Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Avian/Wind Turbine Interactions: A Short Summary of Research Results and Remaining Questions National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
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