Fact Sheet: Upscaling Individual Effects of Wind Energy to Population Impacts on Wildlife

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For wind energy projects, one of the greatest challenges is understanding population level impacts as it is important to distinguish between the effects wind energy developments have on individuals and how these ultimately impact populations. The Individuals to Population summary (fact sheet) was created to provide a summary of the WREN Individuals to Populations white paper and to highlight the need to upscale effects to the level of the broader populations that such individuals are part of. 

Upscaling Individual Effects of Wind Energy to Population Impacts on Wildlife (English)

Nutzung der Daten zur Beeinträchtigung von Individuen durch Windenergie für eine verlässliche Vorhersage der Wirkung auf Populationsebene (German)

 

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
A flexible framework for species based regional cumulative effects assessments to support offshore wind energy planning and management Ferguson, M., Williams, K., Goodale, W., Adams, E., Knaga, P., Kingdon, K., Avery-Gomm, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions
Predicting risk to bat species from wind turbine collision in Southeast Asia Crane, M., Silvia, I., Grainger, M., Gale, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Strategic seaweed farming to support protected seabirds impacted by offshore windfarms Furness, R., Furness, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Which is worse for wildlife, wind farms or oil drilling? Hardach, S. Magazine Article Wind Energy Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Cumulative barriers to renewable energy development: Can we adjust our perspective and approach to benefit biodiversity? Cook, E., Masden, E., Humphreys, E., Pearce-Higgins, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Evaluating Tools and Technologies for Monitoring Baleen Whales During Offshore Wind Foundation Installation Szesciorka, A., Severy, M., Ampela, K., Hein, C., Richlen, M., Haxel, J., Clerc, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Activity-based Informed Curtailment: Using Acoustics to Design and Validate Smart Curtailment to Reduce Risk to Bats at Wind Farms Peterson, T., Aghababian, S., Byrne, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Mapping and characterizing the visual impacts of the existing US wind turbine fleet Gleason, M., Lopez, A., Rivers, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Limited Evidence Base for Determining Impacts (Or Not) of Offshore Wind Energy Developments on Commercial Fisheries Species Gill, A., Bremner, J., Vanstaen, K., Blake, S., Mynott, S., Lincoln, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Feasibility of strategic ornithological compensatory measures in the Scottish context Tapia-Harris, C., Evans, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Exploring the Potential for Genetic Stock Identification of Atlantic Salmon from the large Scottish East Coast Rivers Cauwelier, E., Gilbey, J., Mollahan, P., Sampayo, J., Morris, D.J. Report Wind Energy Fish
Investigating Avian habitat modification and behavioral dynamics in active wind farm environments Salkanovic, E., Enevoldsen, P., Xydis, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Avoidance and attraction responses of kittiwakes to three offshore wind farms in the North Sea Pollock, C., Johnston, D., Boersch-Supan, P., Thaxter, C., Humphreys, E.M., O'Hanlon, N., Clewley, G., Weston, E., Shamoun-Baranes, J., Cook, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Improving Decision-Making for The Energy Transition: Guidance for using Strategic Environmental Assessment Dalal-Clayton, B., Scott-Brown, M. Guidance Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy
Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts White, C., Wang, Y-H, Walter, R., Ruttenberg, B., Han, D., Newman, E., Deyle, E., Gopal, S., Kaufman, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Entanglement Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
A decade of curtailment studies demonstrates a consistent and effective strategy to reduce bat fatalities at wind turbines in North America Whitby, M., O'Mara, M., Hein, C., Huso, M., Frick, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Using mobile acoustic monitoring and false-positive N-mixture models to estimate bat abundance and population trends Udell, B., Straw, B., Loeb, S., Irvine, K., Thogmartin, W., Lausen, C., Reichard, J., Coleman, J., Cryan, P., Frick, W., Reichert, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats
BWEC 5-year plan (1 January 2024–31 December 2028) Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative (BWEC) Report Wind Energy Bats, Human Dimensions
Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Wind Farms in Deep Waters Alawady, A., Senthurya, S., Saritha, G., Pathani, A., Singh, A., Sherje, N. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Seabirds, Marine Mammals
Resource monitoring for Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) at the Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind development site Rudders, D., Mann, R., Borsetti, S., Munroe, D., McCarty, A., Aponte, R., Sheehan, A., Piper, S., Tanaka, H., Dameron, T. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Regulations for Bat Protection in Mexico's Wind Farms Uribe, M., Aguilera, J., Villada-Canela, M., Peynador, C., Briones-Salas, M., Hein, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
From Concerns to Engagement: How experts address citizen concerns about birds through engagement in wind farm projects Dossin, B. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Forecasting nocturnal bird migration for dynamic aeroconservation: The value of short-term datasets Bradaric, M., Kranstauber, B., Bouten, W., Shamoun-Baranes, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Assessing the Ecological and Social Impact of Wind Farms: A Comprehensive Study Rottbers, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
A framework for studying the effects of offshore wind energy development on birds and bats in the Eastern United States Williams, K., Gulka, J., Cook, A., Diehl, R., Farnsworth, A., Goyert, H., Hein, C., Loring, P., Mizrahi, D., Petersen, I., Peterson, T., Press, K., Stenhouse, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Will wind development adversely impact North Atlantic right whales through an increase in vessel traffic? Bishop, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Toward solving the global green–green dilemma between wind energy production and bat conservation Voigt, C., Bernard, E., Huang, J., Frick, W., Kerbiriou, C., MacEwan, K., Mathews, F., Rodríguez-Durán, A., Scholz, C., Webala, P., Welbergen, J., Whitby, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats
Geese migrating over the Pacific Ocean select altitudes coinciding with offshore wind turbine blades Weiser, E., Overton, C., Douglas, D., Casazza, M., Flint, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Waterfowl
Geographic source of bats killed at wind-energy facilities in the eastern United States Wieringa, J., Nagel, J., Campbell, C., Nelson, D., Carstens, B., Gibbs, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat Fielding, A., Anderson, D., Benn, S., Taylor, J., Tingay, R., Weston, E., Whitfield, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Diadromous Fish in the Context of Offshore Wind – Review of Current Knowledge & Future Research Honkanen, H., Moore, I., Roger, J., Adams, C., Dodd, J. Report Wind Energy Fish
The Impact of Wind Turbines on the Distribution of Wintering and Migrating Raptors Mitchell, K. Thesis Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
The effect of offshore wind farms on the variation of the phytoplankton population Kordan, M., Yakan, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Utilizing high-resolution genetic markers to track population-level exposure of migratory birds to renewable energy development Harrigan, R., Rajbhandary, J., Bossu, C., Sanzenbacher, P., Dietsch, T., Gruppi, C., Katzner, T., Smith, T., Ruegg, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Longterm response of offshore wind farms on wintering birds Nielsen, J., Mortensen, M., Yasmin, N., Tjørnløv, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds
Numbers of wildlife fatalities at renewable energy facilities in a targeted development region Conkling, T., Fesnock, A., Katzner, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
WILDetect: An intelligent platform to perform airborne wildlife census automatically in the marine ecosystem using an ensemble of learning techniques and computer vision Kuru, K., Clough, S., Ansell, D., McCarthy, J., McGovern, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds
Griffon Vulture movements are concentrated around roost and supplementary feeding stations: implications for wind energy development on Mediterranean islands Cerri, J., Fozzi, I., De Rosa, D., Aresu, M., Apollonio, M., Berlinguer, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Vessel noise prior to pile driving at offshore windfarm sites deters harbour porpoises from potential injury zones Gall, A., Thompson, P., Merchant, N., Graham, I. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
EolPop, a R-shiny tool for quantifying the demographic impact of species exposed to fatalities: Application to bird collisions with wind turbines Chambert, T., Duriez, O., Deleaux, M., Besnard, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
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