Abstract
The purpose of this report is to conduct a critical review of available international literature on the impact of wind turbines and associated aerial structures on bird species, taking the 1992 Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) report by Crockford as a baseline. Where appropriate Crockford's main conclusions have been reiterated, expanded upon or added to. The report concludes with the identification of strategic approaches to mitigating and monitoring bird impacts, and a series of broad conclusions and comments drawn from the reviewed literature.