Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
From subsea power cable to small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula - Behavioural effects of electromagnetic fields in tank experiments Hermans, A.; Maris, T.; Hubert, J.; et al. Journal Article EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
An egg case study: chronic exposure to AC electromagnetic fields results in hyperactivity in thornback ray (Raja clavata L.) embryos Hermans, A.; Maas, D.; Neta, L.; et al. Journal Article EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Exploring the impact of magnetic fields related to submarine power cables on the American mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii: A behavioural and physiological perspective Jakubowska-Lehrmann, M.; Makaras, T. ; Normant-Saremba, M.; et al. Journal Article Attraction, Avoidance, EMF Invertebrates
Outlook on the development of eco-friendly offshore renewable energy technologies Sun, P.; Jiang, Z.; Chen, Y.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Impacts of offshore wind farms in the English Channel on larval dispersal and connectivity of benthic species using numerical modeling Ajmi, S.; Boutet, M.; Bennis, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Effects of electromagnetic radiation from offshore wind power on the physiology and behavior of two marine fishes Xu, P.; Wang, B.; Wang, Z.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Electromagnetic fields and diadromous fish spawning migration: An urgent call for knowledge Verhelst, P.; Pauwels, I.; Pohl, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish
Environmental Effects of Offshore Wind Energy in the Gulf of Mexico: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs [Booklet] Severy, M.; Farr, H.; Richlen, M.; et al. Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Diadromous Fish in the Context of Offshore Wind – Review of Current Knowledge & Future Research Honkanen, H.; Moore, I.; Roger, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Marine Fish Passage: Underappreciated Threats to Connectivity Within the Marine Environment Lennox, R.; Birnie-Gauvin, K.; Bate, C.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure Nielsen, K.; Robertson, B.; Sierman, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Quantifying the vulnerability of smooth dogfish and winter skate to electromagnetic fields from offshore wind transmission cables in the mid-Atlantic shelf Sechrist,R. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish
Scenarios for Replacing Conventional Energy With Offshore Renewable Energy Along the Central California Coast Ruttenberg, B.; Wang, Y. ; Walter, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Investigation of wind farm impacts on surface waves using coupled numerical simulations Larsén, X.; Fischereit, J.; Hamzeloo, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Scoping an Offshore Wind Sustained Observation Programme (OW-SOP) Monteleone, V.; De Dominicis, M.; Williams, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Water Quality
Large offshore wind farms have minimal direct impacts on air quality Golbazi, M.; Archer, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Human Dimensions
Blocking effects on mean ocean currents by offshore wind farm foundations Carpenter, J.; Guha, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Avoidance & Minimisation of Environmental Impacts from Offshore Wind & Grid Infrastructure Offshore Coalition For Energy & Nature (OCEaN) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms on tropical cyclones: a case study of Typhoon Hato Zhang, P.; Deng, S.; Tuo, P-F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Monopile-induced turbulence and sediment redistribution form visible wakes in offshore wind farms Bailey, L.; Dorrell, R.; Kostakis, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Collaboration for Environmental Mitigation and Nature Inclusive Design (CEMNID) Xodus Group; The Rich North Sea - De Rijke Noordzee Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Continental shelf wave generation due to surface stress anomalies in the wake of offshore wind farms Weber, J.; Broström, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow
Beneath the blades: Marine wind farms support parts of local biodiversity - a systematic review Knorrn, A.; Teder, T.; Kaasik, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Assessing environmental impacts of offshore wind farms: lessons learned and recommendations for the future [E3S] Rahman, F.; Kumar, P. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
The Potential Environmental Impacts of Floating Offshore Wind in California California Ocean Science Trust Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Answering the key stakeholder questions about the impact of offshore wind farms on marine life using hypothesis testing to inform targeted monitoring Cresci, A.; Degraer, S.; Zhang, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Offshore Wind Facts Deeper Dive: Ocean Hydrodynamics, Offshore Wind Farms, and the Mid Atlantic Bight Cold Pool Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Water Quality
Offshore Wind Facts Deeper Dive: Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) and Offshore Wind Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Offshore Wind Facts: Coastal and Marine Habitats Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Offshore Wind Facts: Fish and Invertebrates Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Facts: Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Do electromagnetic fields from subsea power cables effect benthic elasmobranch behaviour? A risk-based approach for the Dutch Continental Shelf Hermans, A.; Winter, H.; Gill, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish
A three-dimensional model of terrain-induced updrafts for movement ecology studies Thedin, R.; Brandes, D.; Quon, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Bats, Birds
Thornton Bank Offshore Wind Farm Annual Report 2023 Magnus, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Larger wind turbines as a solution to reduce environmental impacts Akhtar, N.; Geyer, B.; Schrum, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Observational and Modeling Approaches for Assessing Impacts of Offshore Wind Development on California Current Upwelling: Workshop Summary Kojima, A.; Kilpatrick, T.; Jacox, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Ecosystem Processes
What are the potential effects of offshore wind farms on coastal fish and their essential habitats? Henry, S.; Couturier, L.; Darnaude, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish
A Numerical Modeling Framework to Evaluate Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on California’s Coastal Upwelling Ecosystem Raghukumar, K.; Nelson, T.; Chang, G.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
New England Wind Final Environmental Impact Statement (Final EIS) BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
6th ScotMER Symposium: OWEC Programme Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy EMF Birds
Supporting National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Energy Development Related to Electromagnetic Frequencies from Buried Transmission Cables Middleton, P.; Barnhart, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions
NextWind: Advancing Wind Energy Technology Using Real-Time Monitoring Systems in a Digital Twin Application Siddiqi, K.; Kramer, S.; Schneider, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Static magnetic fields reduce swimming activity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae Cresci, A.; Durif, C.; Larsen, T.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Wind Farm Blockage Revealed by Fog: The 2018 Horns Rev Photo Case Hasager, C.; Nygaard, N.; Poulos, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Overlap between the Mid-Atlantic Bight Cold Pool and offshore wind lease areas Horwitz, R.; Miles, T.; Munroe, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries

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