Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Harbour and grey seals: distribution maps for Scotland Carter, M.; Bivins, M.; Duck, C.; et al. Report Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Evaluating the Impacts of Offshore Wind‬ Development on Marine Ecosystems‬ ‭ King, C. Thesis Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Report on the ICES Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME) 2023 Ahola, M.; Alves, F.; Authier, M.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Underwater noise characteristics of offshore exploratory drilling and its impact on marine mammals Huang, L-F.; Xu, X-M.; Yang, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Providing a detailed estimate of mortality using a simulation-based collision risk model Horne, N.; Culloch, R.; Schmitt, P.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Measurement of effects of pile driving in the Borssele wind farm zone on the seals in the Dutch Delta area version II Brasseur, S.; Aarts, G.; Schop, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Workshop Summary on Passive Acoustic Monitoring Data Standards and Management: March 7 and 9, 2022 Baker, K.; Staaterman, E.; Shumchenia, E.; et al. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Offshore Wind Lease Issuance, Site Characterization, and Site Assessment: Central and Northern California Reeb, D.; Schroeder, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Offshore Wind Priority Conflict Topics for Marine Mammals and Birds Courbis, S.; Pacini, A.; Williams, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Sympatric Seals, Satellite Tracking and Protected Areas: Habitat-Based Distribution Estimates for Conservation and Management Carter, M.; Boehme, L.; Cronin, M.; et al. Journal Article Displacement Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects 2021(KEC 4.0) – marine mammals Heinis, F.; de Jong, C.; von Benda-Beckmann, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Ecological Baseline Studies of the US Outer Continental Shelf Willmot, J.; Forcey, G.; Vukovich, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Regional baselines for marine mammal knowledge across the North Sea and Atlantic areas of Scottish waters Hague, E.; Sinclair, R.; Sparling, C. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Review Of Demographic Parameters And Sensitivity Analysis To Inform Inputs And Outputs Of Population Consequences Of Disturbance Assessments For Marine Mammals Sinclair, R.; Sparling, C.; Harwood, J. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Assessment methodology for impulse noise von Benda-Beckmann, S.; Geelhoed, S.; Kinneging, N.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Estimating the effects of pile driving sounds on seals: Pitfalls and possibilities Whyte, K.; Russell, D.; Sparling, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles
Ecological impact of decommissioning offshore wind farms Teunis, M.; Collier, M.; Bakker, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Effects of larger turbines for the offshore wind farm at Krieger's Flak, Sweden: Addendum with revised and extended assessment of impact on marine mammals Tougaard, J.; Mikaelsen, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Automated detection and tracking of marine mammals: A novel sonar tool for monitoring effects of marine industry Hastie, G.; Wu, G.; Moss, S.; et al. Journal Article Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Effect of impact pile driving noise on marine mammals: A comparison of different noise exposure criteria Stober, U.; Thomsen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Best available science? Are NOAA Fisheries marine mammal noise exposure guidelines up to date? Stocker, M. Conference Paper Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Wozep WP2: update of the Aquarius models for marine pile driving sound predictions de Jong, C.; Binnerts, B.; Prior, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Wozep underwater sound: frequency sensitivity of porpoises and seals de Jong, C.; von Benda-Beckmann, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Effects of larger turbines for the offshore wind farm at Krieger's Flak, Sweden. Assessment of impact on marine mammals Tougaard, J.; Mikaelsen, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Effect of pile-driving sounds on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) hearing Kastelein, R.; Helder-Hoek, L.; Kommeren, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Inventory and assessment of models and methods used for describing quantifying and assessing cumulative effects of offshore wind farms van Oostveen, M.; Sierdsma, F.; Kwakkel, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Hearing thresholds, for underwater sounds, of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) swimming at the water surface Kastelein, R.; Helder-Hoek, L.; Terhune, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Distribution and abundance of cetaceans in a wind energy development area offshore of Massachusetts and Rhode Island Stone, K.; Leiter, S.; Kenney, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
The Effect of Simulated Seal Scarer Sounds on Harbour Porpoises Hermannsen, L.; Mikkelsen, L.; Tougaard, J. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Fine-scale harbour seal at-sea usage mapping around Orkney and the North coast of Scotland Jones, E.; Smout, S.; Blight, C.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Spatial distribution and habitat preference of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Dutch North Sea Geert, A.; Cremer, J.; Kirkwood, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Avoidance of Wind Farms by Harbour Seals is Limited to Pile Driving Activities Russell, D.; Hastie, G.; Thompson, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Like the Din in a University Canteen The Underwater Operating Noise and its Effects on Porpoises and Friend Benesch, M.; Radecke, H. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Measurement and characterisation of radiated underwater sound from a 3.6 MW monopile wind turbine Pangerc, T.; Theobald, P.; Wang, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Predictive mapping of seabirds, pinnipeds and cetaceans off the Pacific Coast of Washington Menza, C.; Leirness, J.; White, T.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment
Hearing Thresholds of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) for Playbacks of Seal Scarer Signals, and Effects of the Signals on Behavior Kastelein, R.; Helder-Hoek, L.; Gransier, R.; et al. Journal Article Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Monitoring and Researching Ecological Effects of Dutch Offshore Windfarms, Masterplan 2.0 and Appendix Arcadis Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
MR8.1 Tests of Acoustic Signals for Aversive Sound Mitigation with Harbour Seals Gordon, J.; Blight, C.; Bryant, E.; et al. Report Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Use of Anthropogenic Sea Floor Structures by Australian Fur Seals: Potential Positive Ecological Impacts of Marine Industrial Development? Arnould, J.; Monk, J.; Lerodiaconou, D.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Underwater Noise Social Cost Benefit Analysis Meulendijk-de Mol, P.; van Nieuwerburgh, L.; van Mastrigt, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Sound Exposure in Harbour Seals During the Installation of an Offshore Wind Farm: Predictions of Auditory Damage Hastie, G.; Russell, D.; McConnell, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
How effectively do horizontal and vertical response strategies of long-finned pilot whales reduce sound exposure from naval sonar? Wensveen, P.; von Benda-Beckmann, A.; Ainslie, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Cumulative Effects of Impulsive Underwater Sound on Marine Mammals Heinis, F.; de Jong, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Grey Seals use Anthropogenic Signals from Acoustic Tags to Locate Fish: Evidence from a Simulated Foraging Task Stansbury, A.; Götz, T.; Deecke, V.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Source Levels of the Underwater Calls of a Male Leopard Seal Rogers, T. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Marine Mammals of British Columbia Current Status, Distribution and Critical Habitats Ford, J.; Nichol, L. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Marine Mammals Trace Anthropogenic Structures at Sea Russell, D.; Brasseur, S.; Thompson, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes
Use of Population Viability Analysis (PVA) to Assess the Potential for Long Term Impacts from Piling Noise on Marine Mammal Populations - A Case Study from the Scottish East Coast De Silva, R.; Grellier, K.; Lye, G.; et al. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds

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