Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind and marine renewable energy, supporting the OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Tidal Stream Energy Project: Collision Risk Data and Evidence Summary Phillips, E.; Wren, S.; King, G.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Seals exhibit localised avoidance of operational tidal turbines Montabaranom, J.; Gillespie, D.; Longden, E.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report July 2023 to June 2024 Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Methodology for Combining Digital Aerial Survey Data and Passive Acoustic Baseline Data Harris, D.; Chudzinska, M.; Jacobson, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Adapting the iPCoD Framework for Harbour Porpoises to Utilise a Dynamic Energy Budget Model in Modelling the Effects of Disturbance – Final Report Harwood, J.; Chudzinska, M.; Hin, V.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
A new method for quantifying redistribution of seabirds within operational offshore wind farms finds no evidence of within-wind farm displacement Trinder, M.; O'Brien, S.; Deimel, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement Seabirds
Challenges in quantifying the responses of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla to habitat variables and local stressors due to individual variation O'Hanlon, N.; Thaxter, C.; Clewley, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Resolving Key Uncertainties of Seabird Flight and Avoidance Behaviours at Offshore Wind Farms: Final Report for the study period 2020-2021 Tjørnløv, R.; Skov, H.; Armitage, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Directional hydrophone clusters reveal evasive responses of small cetaceans to disturbance during construction at offshore windfarms Graham, I.; Gillespie, D.; Gkikopoulou, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report: Land based bird and mammal surveys Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Sandwich Terns in the Netherlands in 2019-2021 van Bemmelen, R.; Courtens, W.; Collier, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) presence is reduced during tidal turbine operation Palmer, L.; Gillespie, D.; Macaulay, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Quantifying the effects of tidal turbine array operations on the distribution of marine mammals: Implications for collision risk Onoufriou, J.; Russell, D.; Thompson, D.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Hywind Scotland Ornithological Monitoring Programme: Overwintering distributions of common guillemot and razorbill populations in Eastern Scotland Bogdanova, M.; Buckingham, L.; Newell, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report: Subsea video monitoring Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals
Harbour porpoises exhibit localized evasion of a tidal turbine Gillespie, D.; Palmer, L.; Macaulay, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Resolving Key Uncertainties of Seabird Flight and Avoidance Behaviours at Offshore Wind Farms: Annual report for April 2020 – October 2020 Tjørnløv, R.; Skov, H.; Armitage, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Acoustic risk balancing by marine mammals: anthropogenic noise can influence the foraging decisions by seals Hastie, G.; Lepper, P.; McKnight, C.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Peaks in bat activity at turbines and the implications for mitigating the impact of wind energy developments on bats Richardson, S.; Lintott, P.; Hosken, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Comparing acoustic and radar deterrence methods as mitigation measures to reduce human-bat impacts and conservation conflicts Gilmour, L. ; Holderied, M. ; Pickering , S. ; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats
Avian vulnerability to wind farm collision through the year: insights from Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) tracked from multiple breeding colonies Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Interaction of Marine Renewable Energy and Marine Organisms: Active Acoustic Assessment Williamson, B.; Fraser, S.; Nikora, V.; et al. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Fish
Agent-Based Modelling of fish collisions with tidal turbines Rossington, K.; Benson, T. Presentation Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Fish
Moray Firth River Spey Missing Salmon Project Spey Fishery Board; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Fish
Moray Firth River Shin Missing Salmon Project Kyle of Sutherland Fisheries; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Fish
Moray Firth River Oykel Missing Salmon Project Kyle of Sutherland Fisheries; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Fish
Moray Firth River Ness Missing Salmon Project Ness District Salmon Fishery Board; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Fish
Moray Firth River Deveron Missing Salmon Project The Deveron, Bogie and Isla Rivers Charitable Trust; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Fish
Moray Firth River Conon Missing Salmon Project Cromarty Firth Fishery Board; Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment; University of Glasgow; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Fish
Empirical measures of harbor seal behavior and avoidance of an operational tidal turbine Joy, R.; Wood, J.; Sparling, C.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Supergen Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) Hub Greaves, D. Research Study Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Enabling Future Arrays in Tidal: Y1 Environmental Monitoring Report Smith, K.; Simpson, N. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model Warwick-Evans, V.; Atkinson, P.; Walkington, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) around an operational tidal turbine in Strangford Narrows: No barrier effect but small changes in transit behaviour Sparling, C.; Lonergan, M.; McConnell, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Displacement Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Dodging the blades: new insights into threedimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Responses of bottlenose dolphins and harbor porpoises to impact and vibration piling noise during harbor construction Graham, I.; Pirotta, E.; Merchant, N.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Marine Protected Areas and Offshore Wind Farms Sanders, N.; Haynes, T.; Goriup, P. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Avoidance Marine Mammals
Avoidance of Wind Farms by Harbour Seals is Limited to Pile Driving Activities Russell, D.; Hastie, G.; Thompson, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
The Impacts of Small and Medium Wind Turbines on Bats Moyle, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Brims Tidal Array Collision Risk Modelling - Atlantic Salmon Xodus Group Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Fish, Pelagic Fish
Noise mitigation during pile-driving efficiently reduces disturbance of marine mammals Nehls, G.; Rose, A.; Diederichs, A.; et al. Book Chapter Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Avoidance Marine Mammals
Developing an Avian Collision Risk Model to Incorporate Variability and Uncertainty Masden, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
A strategic regional Marine Mammal Monitoring Programme for assessing the population consequences of constructing the BOWL and MORL Wind Farm Developments Thompson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Marine Mammals
Collision, Displacement and Barrier Effect Concept Note Humphreys, E.; Cook, S.; Burton, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines Cook, A.; Humphreys, E.; Masden, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds

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