Summary of Bats and Land-Based Wind Energy Development in the United States and Canada

Hoary Bat

Wind turbine-related bat fatalities are a concern, particularly for long-distant migrants, including hoary bats. Several behavioral and physiological questions remain as to why bats interact with wind turbines. In addition, assessing the potential population-level impact is challenging because the status and trends for most species are unknown. Closing these information gaps will help advance existing and emerging strategies.

Download the Summary of Bats and Land-Based Wind Energy Development in the United States and Canada here.

Additional Bat Resources

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Assessment And Prediction Of Bird And Bat Mortality At Wind Energy Facilities In The Southeastern United States Nicholson, C., Tankersley, R. Jr., Fielder, J., Nicholas, N. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Raptors
Environmental Assessment Studies on wind turbines and bat populations - a step towards best practice guidelines Harbusch, C., Bach, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Bird and Bat Behavior and Mortality at a Northern Iowa Windfarm Jain, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Stateline Wind Project Wildlife Monitoring Final Report: July 2001 - December 2003 Erickson, W., Jeffrey, J., Kronner, K., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds, Bats
Bat Activity, Composition, and Collision Mortality At a Large Wind Plant in Minnesota Johnson, G., Perlik, M., Erickson, W., Strickland, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Wind Turbine Interactions with Birds and Bats: A Summary of Research Results and Remaining Questions National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Bird and Bat Monitoring at the McBride Lake Wind Farm, Alberta 2003-2004 Brown, W., Hamilton, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Assessment of Bat Mortality and Activity at Buffalo Mountain Windfarm, Eastern Tennessee Fiedler, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A Preliminary Assessment of Potential Avian Interactions at Four Proposed Wind Energy Facilities on Vandenberg Air Force Base, California: Period of Performance: November 2001 - May 2002 BioResource Consultants Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Analysis of Potential Wildlife/Wind Plant Interactions Bighorn Site, Klickitat County, Washington Johnson, G., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Wind Energy & the Threat to Bats Tuttle, M. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
An Assessment of Potential Collision Mortality of Migrating Indiana Bats (Myotis sodalis) and Virginia Big-eared Bats (Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus) Traversing Between Caves Johnson, G., Strickland, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
A Study of Bird and Bat Collision Fatalities at the Mountaineer Wind Energy Center, Tucker County, West Virginia: Annual Report for 2003 Kerns, J., Kerlinger, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
When Blade Meets Bat Williams, W. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bat Deaths and Wind Turbines - A Review of Current Knowledge, and of the Information Available in the Database for Germany Durr, T., Bach, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Wind Turbines and Bats - A Pilot Study Ahlén, I. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Attraction Passerines, Birds, Bats
Report to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory on Southwest Alaska Small Wind Wildlife Site Investigations at Kodiak Island and Bristol Bay October 3-10, 2003 Sharp, L., Kronner, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Bat Interactions With Wind Turbines at the Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota Wind Resource Area: An Assessment of Bat Activity, Species Composition, and Collision Mortality Johnson, G., Perlik, M., Erickson, W., Strickland, M., Shepherd, D., Sutherland, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Biological Assessment for the Federally Endangered Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis) and Virginia Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus): NedPower Mount Storm Wind Project, Grant County, West Virginia Johnson, G., Strickland, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Nine Canyon Wind Power Project Avian and Bat Monitoring Report Erickson, W., Kronner, K., Gritski, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Nine Canyon Wind Power Project Avian and Bat Monitoring Report: September 2002 - August 2003 Erickson, W., Kronner, K., Gritski, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Passerines, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Stateline Wind Project Wildlife Monitoring Annual Report: Results for the Period July 2001 - December 2002 Erickson, W., Jeffrey, J., Kronner, K., Bay, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Avian and Bat Mortality During the First Year of Operation at the Klondike Phase I Wind Project, Sherman County, Oregon Johnson, G., Erickson, W., White, J., McKinney, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Evaluation of the Environmental Impact of the 20 MW Wind Power Project in Tejona, Costa Rica Report of Phase 2 of the Tejona Wind Power Project (TWPP) van Hulle, F., van Roekel, G., de Jongh, J., Borchgrevink, J., Lopes, J., Vindas, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds, Bats
Avian and Bat Mortality Associated with the Initial Phase of the Foote Creek Rim Windpower Project, Carbon County, Wyoming November 1998-June 2002 Young, D. Jr., Erickson, W., Good, R., Strickland, M., Johnson, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Guidelines for Wind Power and Wildlife in Washington State, USA Ling, S., Linehan, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Mortality of Bats at a Large-Scale Wind Power Development at Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota Johnson, G., Erickson, W., Strickland, M., Shepherd, M., Shepherd, D., Sarappo, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
National Wind Technology Center Site Environmental Assessment: Bird and Bat Use and Fatalities - Final Report Schmidt, E., Piaggo, A., Bock, C., Armstrong, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
A Roadmap for PIER Research on Avian Collisions with Wind Turbines in California Sterner, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Raptors
Assessment of Bat Community Structure and Roosting Habitat Preferences for the Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus) Near Foote Creek Rim, Wyoming Gruver, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Synthesis and Comparison of Baseline Avian and Bat Use, Raptor Nesting and Mortality Information from Proposed and Existing Wind Developments Erickson, W., Johnson, G., Young, D., Strickland, D., Good, R., Bourassa, M., Bay, K., Sernka, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Effects of Wind Turbines on Birds and Bats in Northeastern Wisconsin Howe, R., Evans, W., Wolf, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Avian/Wind Turbine Interactions: A Short Summary of Research Results and Remaining Questions National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Ecological Baseline Study for the Zintel Canyon Wind Project Erickson, W., Johnson, G., Bay, K., Konner, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Raptors
Baseline Ecological Studies for the Klondike Wind Project, Sherman County, Oregon Johnson, G., Erickson, W., Bay, K., Kronner, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds, Bats
Phase I Avian Risk Assessment for the Flat Rock Wind Power Project, Lewis County, New York Kerlinger, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Bats
Status of Avian Research at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Sinclair, K. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Proceedings of the National Avian - Wind Power Planning Meeting IV NWCC Avian Subcommittee Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Final Report: Wind-turbine related bat mortality in southwestern Minnesota Krenz, J., McMillan, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Avian Monitoring Studies at the Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota Wind Resource Area: Results of a 4-Year Study Johnson, G., Erickson, W., Strickland, M., Shepherd, M., Shepherd, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Raptors
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