Abstract
At the 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP28) in the United Arab Emirates, the Outcome of the First Global Stocktake (GST) (known as the UAE Consensus) made clear the imperative for the world to advance the energy transition by tripling renewable power capacity and doubling energy efficiency improvement by 2030. This followed the Global Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Pledge, organised by COP28 and signed by 130 countries. Important progress was made in 2023, when 473 gigawatts (GW) of global renewable capacity was added (IRENA, 2024a). The capacity additions have
been largely driven by solar photovoltaic (PV) because of its falling costs, followed by wind power capacity additions that reached a new record in 2023. Other technologies, like onshore and offshore wind, bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, and concentrating solar power (CSP), also increased their capacities. Moreover, each region also made progress on the deployment of renewables.