The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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| Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offshore Wind Energy in Canada: Charting an Ecologically Sustainable Future from International Law and Policy Coordinates and State Practices | Alikhani, M. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds | |
| Outlook on the development of eco-friendly offshore renewable energy technologies | Sun, P.; Jiang, Z.; Chen, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Environmental Effects of Offshore Wind Energy in the Gulf of Mexico: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs [Booklet] | Severy, M.; Farr, H.; Richlen, M.; et al. | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
| Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure | Nielsen, K.; Robertson, B.; Sierman, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Developing the Offshore Wind that Birds Need | Seavy, N.; Wojcicki, S.; Madden, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Scenarios for Replacing Conventional Energy With Offshore Renewable Energy Along the Central California Coast | Ruttenberg, B.; Wang, Y. ; Walter, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan | National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Options for biodiversity-friendly designs and approaches for offshore wind farms in Ireland | BlueWise Marine | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
| Technology Gaps for Monitoring Birds and Marine Mammals at Offshore Wind Facilities | Courbis, S.; Williams, K.; Stepanuk, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Marine Mammals | |
| Evaluating the Impacts of Offshore Wind Development on Marine Ecosystems | King, C. | Thesis | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
| Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
| The Potential Environmental Impacts of Floating Offshore Wind in California | California Ocean Science Trust | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
| Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment | Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
| Offshore Wind Facts: Birds and Bats | Special Initiative on Offshore Wind | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds | |
| Grand Challenges Revisited: Wind Energy Research Needs for a Global Energy Transition | Veers, P.; Dykes, K.; Baranowski, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
| Exploration of potential collaboration on preventive, mitigation and compensation measures | van der Kamp, M.; Brekelmans, M.; Verweij, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Maritime Spatial Planning in Europe: Discussion Paper on the Challenges and Potential Opportunities Around the Colocation of Offshore Wind Energy with Marine Protected Areas | Stephenson, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs | SEER; Green, R.; Hein, C.; et al. | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
| International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
| Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf | de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
| Floating Offshore Wind: Environmental Interactions Roadmap: Public Summary Report | ORE Catapult; Xodus Group | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation | |
| Environmental Impact of Solar and Wind energy- A Review | Hamed, T.; Alshare, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
| Underwater Noise Effects on Marine Life Associated with Offshore Wind Farms | SEER | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
| Wozep midterm evaluation 2021 | Odinga, J.; Barbé, D.; van Mastrigt, A.; et al. | Report | Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy | |
| FLOATGEN floating wind turbine environmental monitoring report, SEM-REV test site | Reynaud, M.; Le Bouhris, E.; Soulard, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Noise | Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
| A Review of Biodiversity Data Needs and Monitoring Protocols for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in the Baltic Sea and North Sea | Stephenson, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality | |
| Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles | |
| Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects | California State Lands Commission | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
| Modeling Small Scale Impacts of Multi-Purpose Platforms: An Ecosystem Approach | Serpetti, N.; Benjamins, S.; Brain, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
| Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities | Farr, H.; Ruttenberg, B.; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
| Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles | |
| Ecological impact of decommissioning offshore wind farms | Teunis, M.; Collier, M.; Bakker, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
| Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Midterm Evaluation WOZEP 2018 | Mulder, S.; van Mastrigt, A. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
| Environmental Sensitivity and Associated Risk to Habitats and Species Offshore Central California and Hawaii from Offshore Floating Wind Technologies | Morandi, A.; Berkman, S.; Rowe, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
| Guidelines For Environmental Impact Studies On Marine Biodiversity For Offshore Windfarm Projects In The Baltic Sea Region | Baltic Environmental Forum – Latvia | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals |
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