Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Post‐Construction Bat and Bird Fatality Study at the Blue Sky Green Field Wind Energy Center, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin: July 21, 2008 – October 31, 2008 and March 15, 2009 – June 4, 2009 Gruver, J.; Sonnenburg, M.; Bay, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Development of Underwater Flora and Fauna Communities on Hard Substrates of the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee Lengkeek, W.; Bouma, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
Bats on the move Popa-Lisseanu, A.; Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Lynn and Inner Dowsing Hydrographic Monitoring Survey Fugro EMU Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Wind Turbine Sound and Health Effects: An Expert Panel Review Colby, W.; Dobie, R.; Leventhall, G.; et al. Report Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Marine Renewable Energy: Potential Benefits to Biodiversity? An Urgent Call for Research Inger, R.; Attrill, M.; Bearhop, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Ecosystem Processes
Report to Congress on the Potential Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies US Department of Energy (DOE) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Pre- and Post-Construction Studies of Conflicts Between Birds and Wind Turbines in Coastal Norway (Bird Wind): Progress Report 2009 Bevanger, K.; Berntsen, F.; Clausen, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds
What is the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds? A Case Study in Southern Spain Farfan, M.; Vargas, J.; Duarte, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds
Geographic Variation in Activity and Fatality of Migratory Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Baerwald, E.; Barclay, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Large Scale Risk-Assessment of Wind-Farms on Population Viability of a Globally Endangered Long-Lived Raptor Carrete, M.; Sanchez-Zapata, J.; Benitez, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Raptors, Birds
Causes of Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines: Hypotheses and Predictions Cryan, P.; Barclay, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Differences in bat activity in relation to bat detector height: implications for bat surveys at proposed windfarm sites Collins, J.; Jones, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Comparative life-cycle assessment of a small wind turbine for residential off-grid use Fleck, B.; Huot, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Offshore Wind and Marine Renewable Energy in Northern Ireland Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Life cycle energy and greenhouse emissions analysis of wind turbines and the effect of size on energy yield Crawford, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Social Movements and Industry Development: The Environmental Movement's Impact on the Wind Energy Industry Vasi, I. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Status and Applications of Acoustic Mitigation and Monitoring Systems for Marine Mammals Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Workshop Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Spatial Planning of Offshore Wind Farms: A Windfall to Marine Environmental Protection? Punt, M.; Groeneveld, R.; Van Ierland, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Spatial Planning, Human Dimensions
Ripley Wind Power Project Post-Construction Monitoring Report Jacques Whitford Stantec Limited Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Challenges and Solutions of Remote Sensing at Offshore Wind Energy Developments Kelly, T.; West, T.; Davenport, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Comparison of Visual and Digital Aerial Survey Results of Avian Abundance for Round 3, Norfolk Region Burt, L.; Rexstad, E.; Buckland, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Modelling Human Impacts on the Tasmanian Wedge-Tailed Eagle (Aquila audax fleayi) Bekessy, S.; Wintle, B.; Gordon, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Raptors, Birds
Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals [Presentation] Miller, J.; Potty, G.; Raposa, K.; et al. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Real-Time Environmental Monitoring from a Wind Farm Platform in the Texas Hypoxia Zone Mullins, R.; DiMarco, S.; Walpert, J.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Map-Based Repowering and Reorganization of a Wind Resource Area to Minimize Burrowing Owl and Other Bird Fatalities Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Bell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Preliminary Flora and Fauna Assessment - Penshurst Wind Farm McMahon, A.; Marr, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals Miller, J.; Potty, G.; Raposa, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Life cycle analysis of 4.5 MW and 250 W wind turbines Tremeac, B.; Meunier, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
An Integrated Risk Framework for Gigawatt-Scale Deployments of Renewable Energy: The U.S. Wind Energy Case Ram, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
A Comparison of Offshore Wind Power Development in Europe and the US: Patterns and Drivers of Development Snyder, B.; Kaiser, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Collision Risk of Birds with Modern Large Wind Turbines Krijgsveld, K.; Akershoek, K.; Schenk, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Wind Energy Development, Prescribed Fire and Migratory Land Birds in the Southeastern United States: Breeding, Stopover, and Wintering Habitat Relationships Brennan, L.; Ballard, B.; Kuvlesky, W. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Towers, Turbines, Power Lines, and Buildings-Steps Being Taken by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to Avoid or Minimize Take of Migratory Birds at these Structures Manville, A. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Interim summary: bat acoustic monitoring at the proposed Blue Creek Wind Farm, Paulding and Van Wert County, Ohio BHE Environmental Inc Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Range Management Practices to Reduce Wind Turbine Impacts on Burrowing Owls and Other Raptors in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Bell, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Port Elizabeth Wind Energy Facility Avifaunal and Bat Impact Assessment Strugnell, L.; Smallie, J.; Patterson-Abrolat, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds, Bats
Potential Impacts of Wind Farm Energy Development on Upland Game Birds: Questions and Concerns Brennan, L.; Perez, R.; DeMaso, S.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Proceedings of the Fourth International Partners in Flight Conference: Tundra to Tropics Rich, T.; Arizmendi, C.; Demarest, D.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy Birds
Post-Construction Avian Monitoring Study for the Shiloh I Wind Power Project Solano County, California Kerlinger, P.; Curry, R.; Culp, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds, Bats
Humber Gateway Offshore Wind Farm: Non-Technical Summary of the Onshore Substation and Cable Spur Environmental Statement E.ON Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm: Mid-Construction Scour and Inter-Array Cable Monitoring Surveys E.ON Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Sensitive Grassland Bird Species Habitat Assessment Arkwright Summit Wind Farm Tidhar, D.; Courage, Z.; Young, D. Jr. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
The Distribution of Breeding Birds around Upland Wind Farms Pearce-Higgins, J.; Stephen, L.; Langston, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Birds
2008/2009 Annual Report for the Buena Vista Avian and Bat Monitoring Project Insignia Environmental Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Coastal Process Modelling for Offshore Windfarm Environmental Impact Assessment: Best Practice Guide Lambkin, D.; Harris, J.; Cooper, W.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L.; Morrison, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Assessment of the Effects of the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ) for Harbour Porpoise (comparison T0 and T1) Scheidat, M.; Aarts, G.; Bakker, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals
Avian and Bat Fatality Rates at Old-Generation and Repowered Wind Turbines in California Smallwood, K.; Karas, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds, Bats
A Large-Scale Mitigation Experiment to Reduce Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities Baerwald, E.; Edworthy, J.; Holder, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats

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