Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
As built register Task & Finish Group Workshop: Feedback Report Offshore Wind Industry Council (OWIC); Pathways to Growth Coordination Group Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Strategic seaweed farming to support protected seabirds impacted by offshore windfarms Furness, R.; Furness, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Visual fields, foraging and collision vulnerability in gulls (Laridae) Cantlay, J.; Portugal, S.; Martin, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Influence of wind on kittiwake Rissa tridactyla flight and offshore wind turbine collision risk Davies, J.; Boersch-Supan, P.; Clewley, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Collaboration for Environmental Mitigation and Nature Inclusive Design (CEMNID) Xodus Group; The Rich North Sea - De Rijke Noordzee Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Responses of GPS-Tagged Territorial Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines in Scotland Fielding, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Sandwich Terns in the Netherlands in 2019-2021 van Bemmelen, R.; Courtens, W.; Collier, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Landscape Decisions to Meet Net Zero Carbon: Pathways that consider ethics, socio-ecological diversity, and landscape functions. Landscape Decisions Report Cole, B.; Gardner, E.; Willcock, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
When speed matters: The importance of flight speed in an avian collision risk model Masden, E.; Cook, A.; McCluskie, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Peaks in bat activity at turbines and the implications for mitigating the impact of wind energy developments on bats Richardson, S.; Lintott, P.; Hosken, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Vulnerability of northern gannets to offshore wind farms; seasonal and sex-specific collision risk and demographic consequences Lane, J.; Jeavons, R.; Deakin, Z.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Integrating Wind Turbines and Fish Farms: An Evaluation of Potential Risks to Marine and Coastal Bird Species Benjamins, S.; Masden, E.; Collu, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Seabird Population Trends and Causes of Change: 1986-2018 Report Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Report Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Comparing acoustic and radar deterrence methods as mitigation measures to reduce human-bat impacts and conservation conflicts Gilmour, L. ; Holderied, M. ; Pickering , S. ; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats
Avian vulnerability to wind farm collision through the year: insights from Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) tracked from multiple breeding colonies Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Use of an optical rangefinder to assess the reliability of seabird flight heights from boat‐based surveyors: implications for collision risk at offshore wind farms Harwood, A.; Perrow, M.; Berridge, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model Warwick-Evans, V.; Atkinson, P.; Walkington, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Dodging the blades: new insights into threedimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Joint SNCB Interim Displacement Advice Note Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC); Natural England Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Understanding the Risk of European Protected Species (Bats) at Onshore Wind Turbine Sites to Inform Risk Management Mathews, F.; Richardson, S.; Lintott, P.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
The Impacts of Small and Medium Wind Turbines on Bats Moyle, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
A Theoretical Approach to Estimating Bird Risk of Collision with Wind Turbines Where Empirical Flight Activity Data Are Lacking Furness, R.; Trinder, M.; MacArthur, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision Birds
Three Dimensional Tracking of a Wide-Ranging Marine Predator: Flight Heights and Vulnerability to Offshore Wind Farms Cleasby, I.; Wakefield, E.; Bearhop, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Developing an Avian Collision Risk Model to Incorporate Variability and Uncertainty Masden, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Seabirds and Marine Mammals Technical Report Xodus Group; Natural Research Ltd Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Marine Mammals
Estimates and Correlates of Bird and Bat Mortality at Small Wind Turbine Sites Minderman, J.; Fuentes-Montemayor, E.; Pearce-Higgins, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Collision, Displacement and Barrier Effect Concept Note Humphreys, E.; Cook, S.; Burton, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines Cook, A.; Humphreys, E.; Masden, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Modelling Flight Heights of Marine Birds to More Accurately Assess Collision Risk with Offshore Wind Turbines Johnston, A.; Cook, A.; Wright, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Quantifying the Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Gannet Populations: A Strategic Ringing Project Furness, R.; Wanless, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Assessing Vulnerability of Marine Bird Populations to Offshore Wind Farms Furness, R.; Wade, H.; Masden, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment Dong Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement Booth, C.; King, S.; Lacey, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Marine Mammals
Strategic Joint Industry Project No.1: Bird avoidance behavior and collision impact monitoring at Offshore Windfarms Marine Scotland Science; Scottish Government; UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC); et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Analysis of the Argyll Array Turbine Layout Iterations in Relation to Ornithological Constraints Bullman, R.; Shaylon, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Radar Monitoring of Migrating Pink-Footed Geese: Behavioural Responses to Offshore Wind Farm Development Plonczkier, P.; Simms, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Offshore Wind Turbines Furness, B.; Wade, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulations Assessment - Screening for Likely Significant Effects Dewar, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Visual Tracking From a Rigid-Hulled Inflatable Boat to Determine Foraging Movements of Breeding Terns Perrow, M.; Gilroy, J.; Skeate, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus Migration in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms Griffin, L.; Rees, E.; Hughes, B. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
Clocaenog Forest Wind Farm Collision Risk Report Model George, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
The Aversive Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on Foraging Bats—A Possible Means of Discouraging Bats from Approaching Wind Turbines Nicholls, B.; Racey, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, EMF Bats
Assessment of Wind‐Farm and Other Bird Casualties from Carcasses Found on a Northumbrian Beach Over an 11‐Year Period Newton, I.; Little, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Minimal effects of wind turbines on the distribution of wintering farmland birds Devereux, C.; Denny, M.; Whittingham, M. Journal Article Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds

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