Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Environmental implications of future offshore renewable energy development in Aotearoa New Zealand Hale, R.; Thompson, D.; Brough, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Developing onshore wind farms in Aotearoa New Zealand: carbon and energy footprints Pincelli, I.; Hinkley, J.; Brent, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Co-location of fisheries and offshore wind farms: Current practices and enabling conditions in the North Sea Bonsu, P.; Letschert, J.; Yates, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Overview of the development and application of wind energy in New Zealand Zhang, Z.; Liu, X.; Zhao, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions
Avoidance of offshore wind farms by Sandwich Terns in the North Sea increases with turbine density van Bemmelen, R.; Leemans, J.; Collier, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Long-term monitoring of bird migration across the North and Norwegian Seas Cordes, L.; May, R. Report Birds
EU Species Protection Law and Wind Energy: Current Challenges and Danish Experiences Anker, H.; Olsen, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Sites exploring prioritisation of offshore wind energy potential and mapping for wind farms installation: Iranian islands case studies Nezhad, M.; Neshat, M.; Piras, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Review and outlook on the international renewable energy development Zhao, Y. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A multi-criteria GIS-based model for wind farm site selection with the least impact on environmental pollution using the OWA-ANP method Mokarram, M.; Pourghasemi, H.; Mokarram, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
An echosounder view on the potential effects of impulsive noise pollution on pelagic fish around windfarms in the North Sea Kok, A.; Bruil, L.; Berges, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish
Risks to different populations and age classes of gannets from impacts of offshore wind farms in the southern North Sea Pollock, C.; Lane, J.; Buckingham, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
A roadmap towards quantitative cumulative impact assessments: Every step of the way Piet, G.; Tamis, J.; Volwater, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials Akhtar, N.; Geyer, B.; Rockel, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Capercaillie and Wind Energy: An international research project Taubmann, J.; Coppes, J.; Andrén, H. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Post-construction bird and bat fatality monitoring studies at wind energy projects in Latin America: A summary and review Agudelo, S.; Mabee, T.; Palmer, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
A critical review on environmental impacts of renewable energy systems and mitigation strategies: Wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal Sayad, E. ; Wilberforce, T.; Elsaid, K.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy
An Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Extracting Marine Renewable Energy in the Coastal Environment of the Black Sea Zburlea, L.; Rusu, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Echolocation activity of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, shows seasonal artificial reef attraction despite elevated noise levels close to oil and gas platforms Clausen, K.; Teilmann, J.; Wisniewska, D.; et al. Journal Article Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Modelling the habitat selection of the bearded vulture to predict areas of potential conflict with wind energy development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S.; Lörcher, F.; Hegglin, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Raptors
Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand Leunissen, E.; Rayment, W.; Dawson, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Underwater noise levels of pile-driving in a New Zealand harbour, and the potential impacts on endangered Hector's dolphins Leunissen, E.; Dawson, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Populist resistance and alternative transitions: Indigenous ownership of energy infrastructure in Aotearoa New Zealand MacArthur, J.; Matthewman, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Effects of Moorings on Different Types of Marine Habitat Morrisey, D.; Cameron, M.; Newcombe, E. Report Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Vessel noise cuts down communication space for vocalizing fish and marine mammals Putland, R.; Merchant, N.; Farcas, A.; et al. Journal Article Noise Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Fish, Cetaceans
Expected Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on Mediterranean Marine Life Bray, L.; Reizopoulou, S.; Voukouvalas, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes
Sustainable Seas Ko ngā moana whakauka: National Science Challenge Hall, J.; Thrush, S.; Ellis, J.; et al. Presentation Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Seabird Flight Behavior and Height in Response to Altered Wind Strength and Direction Ainley, D.; Porzig, E.; Zajanc, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Review and guidance on use of “shutdown-on-demand” for wind turbines to conserve migrating soaring birds in the Rift Valley/Red Sea Flyway BirdLife International Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Planning for Net Biodiversity Gains: A Case Study of Hau_uru m_ raki Wind Farm, New Zealand Craig, J.; Kessels, G.; Langlands, P.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes
Source Levels of the Underwater Calls of a Male Leopard Seal Rogers, T. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future Bailey, H.; Brookes, K.; Thompson, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Biodiversity Offsets for Offshore Wind Farm Projects: The Current Situation in Europe Vaissière, A.; Levrel, H.; Pioch, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes
Environmental aspects of designing multi-purpose offshore platforms in the scope of the FP7 TROPOS Project Lu, S.; Yu, J.; Golmen, L.; et al. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions
The Cumulative Effect on Sound Levels from Multiple Underwater Anthropogenic Sound Sources in Shallow Coastal Waters Pine, M.; Jeffs, A.; Radford, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise
The New Zealand Falcon and Wind Farms: A Risk Assessment Framework Seaton, R.; Barea, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Post-Construction Avian Mortality Monitoring at Project West Wind Bull, L.; Fuller, S.; Sim, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Turbine Sound May Influence the Metamorphosis Behaviour of Estuarine Crab Megalopae Pine, M.; Jeffs, A.; Radford, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Invertebrates
Wildfowl 62 Rees, E.; Fox, A. Book Waterfowl, Birds
New Zealand Falcon Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Hurunui Wind Farm Meridian Energy Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Spatial Planning for the Gulf: An International Review of Marine Spatial Planning Initiatives and Application to the Hauraki Gulf Hauraki Gulf Forum Report Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement 2010 New Zealand Department of Conservation Report Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Bat Mortality at Wind Turbines in Northwestern Europe Rydell, J.; Bach, L.; Dubourg-Savage, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bird Migration Flight Altitudes Studied by a Network of Operational Weather Radars Dokter, A.; Liechti, F.; Stark, H.; et al. Journal Article Birds
The Marine environment: an acceptable alternative to land for locating renewable energy generation? Goebbels, M. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Bird species of concern at wind farms in New Zealand Powlesland, R. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Comparison of Life Cycle Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Embodied Energy in Four Renewable Electricity Generation Technologies in New Zealand Rule, B.; Worth, Z.; Boyle, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Impacts of Wind Farms on Birds: A Review Powlesland, R. Report Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds
Collision Effects of Wind-power Generators and Other Obstacles on Birds Drewitt, A.; Langston, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Temporal Patterns In Ambient Noise Of Biological Origin From A Shallow Water Temperate Reef Radford, C.; Jeffs, A.; Tindle, C.; et al. Journal Article Noise Invertebrates, Fish

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