Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Summary of Bird Monitoring Reports from Operational Wind Energy Facilities in South Africa BirdLife South Africa Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Reduced survival in a soaring bird breeding in wind turbine proximity along the northern Baltic Sea coast Nebel, C.; Stjernberg, T.; Tikkanen, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Quantifying land impacts of wind energy: a regional-scale assessment in Finland Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Byholm, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Lack of evasive behaviour by a Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus on impact with a turbine blade at a South African wind farm: causes and mitigations; Absence de comportement évasif d’un Aigle martial Polemaetus bellicosus lors de l’impact avec une pale Simmons, R.; Martins, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
The presence of wind turbines repels bats in boreal forests Gaultier, S.; Lilley, T.; Vesterinen,E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
A utilization distribution for the global population of Cape Vultures (Gyps coprotheres) to guide wind energy development Cervantes, F.; Murgatroyd, M.; Allan, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
The negative impact of wind turbines on wildlife in South Africa Docrat, N. Thesis Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Wind energy expansion and birds: Identifying priority areas for impact avoidance at a national level Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Santangeli, A.; Piirainen, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes
Current state of knowledge of wind energy impacts on bats in South Africa Aronson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Balancing profitability of energy production, societal impacts and biodiversity in offshore wind farm design Virtanen, E.A.; Lappallainen, J.; Nurmi, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Flight Altitudes of Raptors in Southern Africa Highlight Vulnerability of Threatened Species to Wind Turbines McClure, C.; Dunn, L.; McCabe, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Habitat use by post-fledging white-tailed eagles shows avoidance of human infrastructure and agricultural areas Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Brommer, J.; Tikkanen, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A predictive model for improving placement of wind turbines to minimise collision risk potential for a large soaring raptor Murgatroyd, M.; Bouten, W.; Amar, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Estimating bird flight height using 3-D photogrammetry Prinsloo, N.; Postma, M.; Ryan, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Assessing the vulnerability of breeding bird populations to onshore wind-energy developments in Finland Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Valkama, J.; Byholm, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Biodiversity and bird surveys in Finnish environmental impact assessments and follow-up monitoring Mäkeläinen, S.; Lehikoinen, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Towards sustainable blue energy production: an analysis of legal transformative and adaptive capacity Simila, J.; Soininen, N.; Paukku, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
On a collision course? The large diversity of birds killed by wind turbines in South Africa Perold, V.; Ralston-Paton, S.; Ryan, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Black Harriers and Wind Energy: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation Simmons, R.; Ralston-Paton, S.; Colyn, R.; et al. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Methodology for calculating the number of migratory birds in the territory of the wind farms of the Azov region using information and communication technology Yeremieiev, V.; Osadchyi, V.; Siokhin, V.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
South African Bat Fatality Threshold Guidelines: Edition 3 MacEwan, K.; Aronson, J.; Richardson, K.; et al. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Conservation management plan for the protection of heritage resources at Brandweynkop, Humansdorp Magisterial District, Eastern Cape Province Orton, J.; Muller, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Using radar technology to assess visual monitoring accuracy of Cape Vulture movements Becker, F.; Millikin, R.; Leslie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Red-throated Diver Energetics Project: Preliminary Results from 2018/19 Duckworth, J.; Green, J.; Daunt, F.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Adaptive surface distortions for torque ripple control in vertical-axis wind turbines Erfort, G.; von Backström, T.; Venter, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Social embeddedness of policy actors. The failure of consumer-owned wind energy in Finland Ratinen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Automatic Bird Identification for Offshore Wind Farms Niemi, J.; Tanttu, J. Book Chapter Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Assessing space use by pre-breeding white-tailed eagles in the context of wind-energy development in Finland Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Brommer, J.; Saurola, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Cape Vulture and Wind Farms: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation Pfeiffer, M.; Ralston-Paton, S. Guidance Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Modelling golden eagle habitat selection and flight activity in their home ranges for safer wind farm planning Tikkanen, H.; Rytkönen, S.; Karlin, O.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Multi-Platform Concepts for Combining Offshore Wind Energy and Fish Farming in Freezing Sea Areas: Case Study in the Gulf of Bothnia Mikkola, E.; Heinonen, J.; Kankainen, M.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries
How many observation days are needed to reliably describe bird migration? Tanskanen, A.; Yrjola, R.; Baum, U.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Combining radar and direct observation to estimate pelican collision risk at a proposed wind farm on the Cape west coast, South Africa Jenkins, A.; Reid, T.; du Plessis, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Waterfowl, Birds
Evidence of the migratory bat, Pipistrellus nathusii, aggregating to the coastlines in the Northern Baltic Sea Ijas, A.; Kahlilainen, A.; Vasko, V.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Wind Energy’s Impacts on Birds in South Africa: A Preliminary Review of the Results of Operational Monitoring at the First Wind Farms of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme in South Africa Ralston-Paton, S.; Smallie, J.; Pearson, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Proximity to wind-power plants reduces the breeding success of the white-tailed eagle Balotari-Chiebao, F.; Brommer, J.; Niinimaki, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Role of Benthic Habitat Distribution Data in Coastal Water Wind Turbine Site Selection Sahla, M.; Kalliola, R.; Haldin, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Final progress report of a 12 month pre - construction bat monitoring study for the Proposed Waaihoek Wind Energy Facility near Utrecht, KwaZulu-Natal Kruger, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Using Spatial Analyses of Bearded Vulture Movements in Southern Africa to Inform Wind Turbine Placement Reid, T.; Kruger, S.; Whitfield, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Foraging Range and Habitat use by Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres from the Msikaba Colony, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Pfeiffer, M.; Venter, J.; Downs, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind
Birds and Wind-Energy Best-Practice Guidelines: Best-Practice Guidelines for Assessing and Monitoring the Impact of Wind Energy Facilities on Birds in Southern Africa Jenkins, A.; van Rooyen, C.; Smallie, J.; et al. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds
Unlocking the Economic Potential of South Africa's Oceans Operation Phakisa Presentation Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
South African Good Practice Guidelines for Operational Monitoring for Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Aronson, J.; Richardson, E.; MacEwan, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
The Government of the Republic of South Africa National Environmental Management of the Ocean White Paper South Africa Department of Environmental Affairs Report Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
South African Good Practice Guidelines for Surveying Bats at Wind Energy Facility Developments - Pre-construction Sowler, S.; Stoffberg, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
The National Coastal Management Programme of South Africa South Africa Department of Environmental Affairs Report Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Developing an Understanding of the Drivers of Bat Activity Patterns Relevant to Wind Turbines Thwaits, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Artificial Wetlands and Surrounding Habitats Provide Important Foraging Habitat for Bats in Agricultural Landscapes in the Western Cape, South Africa Sirami, C.; Jacobs, D.; Cumming, G. Journal Article Bats
Diversity of Bats in the Soutpansberg and Blouberg Mountains of Northern South Africa: Complementarity of Acoustic and Non-Acoustic Survey Methods Taylor, P.; Sowler, S.; Schoeman, M.; et al. Journal Article Bats
Bat Fatality at a Wind Energy Facility in the Western Cape, South Africa Aronson, J.; Thomas, A.; Jordaan, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats

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