The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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| Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underwater Noise Conflict Resolution: Framework Report | Xodus Group | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
| Chemical emissions from offshore wind farms: From identification to challenges in impact assessment and regulation | Hengstmann, E.; Corella, P.; Alter, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals | Physical Environment, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
| Frameworks and best practices for cumulative impact accounting in offshore energy development | Kuempel, C.; Stockbridge, J.; O'neil, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Outlook on the development of eco-friendly offshore renewable energy technologies | Sun, P.; Jiang, Z.; Chen, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Offshore wind development in the Great Lakes: challenges, resources and technical solutions | Javaherian, M.; Wang, A.; Hall, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Bats, Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Guidelines for Providing Information for Mitigating Impacts to Commercial and For Hire Recreational Fisheries on the Outer Continental Shelf Pursuant to 30 CFR Part 585 | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| System impacts of wind energy developments: Key research challenges and opportunities | McKenna, R.; Lilliestam, J.; Heinrichs, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | |
| Assessing Impacts of Offshore Wind Development: An Analysis of the Minimization of Economic Exposure of the Scallop Fishery Through the Regulatory Process | Chaji, M.; Ardini, G.; Harsch, M. ; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure | Nielsen, K.; Robertson, B.; Sierman, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Scottish Offshore Wind Energy Council (SOWEC) Innovation Guide | Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Developing the Offshore Wind that Birds Need | Seavy, N.; Wojcicki, S.; Madden, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Scenarios for Replacing Conventional Energy With Offshore Renewable Energy Along the Central California Coast | Ruttenberg, B.; Wang, Y. ; Walter, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Offshore wind and impacts on migratory waterfowl of the Atlantic flyway | White, M. | Thesis | Wind Energy | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
| Requirements for Coastal Resilience in Europe | European Marine Board (EMB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
| National Marine Plan 2 - planning position statement: consultation | Scottish Government | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
| Assessing the sustainability of Blue Economy activities using an ecosystem and life cycle-based approach: Possibilities, challenges and implications for an informed policy making | De Luca Pena, L.; Dewulf, J.; Staes, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
| ORE Outlook 2040 - UK Offshore Renewable Energy in 2040: Building a Sustainable and Competitive ORE Sector on a Pathway to Net Zero by 2050 | Greaves, D.; White, D.; Noble, D.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Ensuring The Social License For Wind Projects In Latin America | Global Wind Energy Council | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan | National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Blue Economy CRC – Report of the Offshore Wind status quo in Norway and reflection on best practices | Hatlebrekke, H.; Dankel, D.; Tiller, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Legal & Policy | ||
| Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Planning and Licensing of Onshore Wind Power Projects (Planlegging og konsesjonsbehandling av vindkraftanlegg på land) | Ministry of Energy, Norway | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Representative Project Design Envelope for Floating Offshore Wind Energy: A Focus on the California 2023 Federal Leases | Cooperman, A.; Biglu, M.; Hall, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Resource Equivalency Analysis: Quantifying Mitigation for Offshore Wind Projects | Grigelis, P.; Phillips-Hagedorn, M. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Offshore Wind Energy Development and Compensatory Mitigation in the Northeast Region | Vail-Muse, S. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Compensatory Mitigation for Offshore Wind | Baker, K. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Global Offshore Wind Report 2024 | Williams, R.; Zhao, F. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Regulations for Bat Protection in Mexico's Wind Farms | Uribe, M.; Aguilera, J.; Villada-Canela, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Law in Order: An Inventory of State Renewable Energy Siting Policies | Enterline, S.; Valainis, A. | Report | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Conditions for nature friendly and circular decommissioning | Natuur & Milieu | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
| Conditions for sustainable decommissioning of offshore wind turbines | Kelder, M.; van Pelt, A.; van Megen, O.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement | |
| Evaluation of offshore wind energy diffusion in long-term scenarios in the Colombian Caribbean | Valencia, M.; Arango-Aramburo, S.; Osorio, A. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
| To what extent can decommissioning options for marine artificial structures move us toward environmental targets? | Knights, A.; Lemasson, A.; Firth, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Spatial multicriteria framework for sustainable wind-farm planning: Accounting for conflicts | Kandy, D.; Mörtberg, U.; Wretling, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Exploration of potential collaboration on preventive, mitigation and compensation measures | van der Kamp, M.; Brekelmans, M.; Verweij, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
| Multispecies blue justice and energy transition conflict: examining challenges and possibilities for synergy between low-carbon energy and justice for humans and nonhuman nature | Tafon, R.; Saunders, F.; Pikner, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| A wind of change in Norway: Explaining shifts in municipal stances on wind power by policy feedback and energy justice | Eikeland, P.; Taranger, K.; Inderberg, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
| United States offshore wind energy atlas: availability, potential, and economic insights based on wind speeds at different altitudes and thresholds and policy-informed exclusions | von Krauland, A-K.; Long, Q.; Enevoldsen, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Environmental life cycle assessment of a novel offshore wind energy design project: A United States based case study | Moussavi, S.; Barutha, P.; Dvorak, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Building Coastal Resilience in Europe | Villasante, S.; Richter, K.; Bailey, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Floating wind and wave energy technologies: applications, synergies and role in decarbonization in Portugal | White, C.; Carrelhas, A.; Gato, L.; et al. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
| A Comparison of the European Regulatory Framework for the deployment of Offshore Renewable Energy Project | Moscoloni, C.; Carà, C.; Novo, R.; et al. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
| Do recent renewable energy policy changes in Ireland satisfy the requirements of a nascent wave energy technology development sector? | Barry, C.; Ringwood, J. | Conference Paper | Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Why municipalities reject wind power: A study on municipal acceptance and rejection of wind power instalments in Sweden | Lindvall, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
| Offshore Grid Connection Pathway – Phase 2 | Commission for Regulation of Utilities | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Government intervention and technological innovation in the wind power industry in China: The role of industrial environmental turbulence | Jiang, Z.; Shi, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
| FINAL Information Needed for Issuance of a Notice of Intent (NOI) Under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for a Construction and Operations Plan (COP) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Towards failed renewable energy communities? Activist attempts to change market conditions in the Danish wind energy market | Kirkegaard, J.; Nyborg, S.; Georg, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
| Building a Collaborative Data Strategy for the U.S. Offshore Wind Industry | Courtney, F.; Sen, A. | Report | Wind Energy | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
| Spatiotemporal occurrence of bats at the southern North Sea 2017-2020 | Lagerveld, S.; Geelhoed, S.; Wilkes, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning |
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