Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind and marine renewable energy, supporting the OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Searches title, abstract, authors, and organization.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Effects and management implications of emerging marine renewable energy technologies Copping, A.; Wood, D.; Rumes, B.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Salinity Gradient Chemicals, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Sea Space Analysis for Wave and Tidal Energy Lee, S.; Strong, V.; Anning, D.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Assessing the potential acoustic impact of floating offshore wind farms in the Central Mediterranean Sea Baldachini, M.; Pace, F.; Buscaino, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Life Cycle Assessment of Recyclable and Non-recyclable Wind Turbine Blade Materials: a Case Study of South Korea's Offshore Wind Farm Cho, Youngmin; Lee, S.; Lee, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Which is worse for wildlife, wind farms or oil drilling? Hardach, S. Magazine Article Wind Energy Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Environmental Effects of Offshore Wind Energy in the Gulf of Mexico: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs [Booklet] Severy, M.; Farr, H.; Richlen, M.; et al. Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Floating Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure Nielsen, K.; Robertson, B.; Sierman, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Development of a collision impact indicator to integrate in the life cycle assessment of offshore wind farms Baulaz, Y.; Araignous, E.; Pérez-López, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Life cycle environmental impact assessment of the “Sindhuja-I” wave energy converter Singh, D.; Paul, A.; Samad, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave Life Cycle Assessment
Life Cycle Assessment of Additively Manufactured Foundations for Ultratall Wind Turbine Towers Jones, K.E.S.; Li, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Assessing the sustainability of Blue Economy activities using an ecosystem and life cycle-based approach: Possibilities, challenges and implications for an informed policy making De Luca Pena, L.; Dewulf, J.; Staes, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Going digital: challenges in monitoring marine megafauna when comparing results from visual and digital aerial surveys Quéroué, M.; Authier, M.; Besnard, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
The flyway construct and assessment of offshore wind farm impacts on migratory marine fauna Secor, D.; O'Brien, M.; Bailey, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
NMFS West Coast Offshore Wind Energy Strategic Science Plan National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Marine biodiversity impact pathways for offshore wind farm decommissioning: Implications for Life Cycle impact assessment development Stranddorf, L.; Colley, T.; Delefosse, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
2024 State of the Science Report - Chapter 3: Marine Renewable Energy: Stressor-Receptor Interactions Garavelli, L.; Hemery, L.; Rose, D.; et al. Report Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles
OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World OES-Environmental Report Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of multi-use of marine space: A comparative analysis of offshore wind energy and mussel farming in the Belgian Continental Shelf with terrestrial alternatives De Luca Pena, L.; Bas, B.; Dewulf, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Evaluating the Impacts of Offshore Wind‬ Development on Marine Ecosystems‬ ‭ King, C. Thesis Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Offshore wind industry product carbon footprinting guidance: Guidance for measuring the life cycle carbon footprint of offshore wind developments Dineen, C.; Shackley, L.; Harvey, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf, Offshore Oregon Final Environmental Assessment Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); US Army Corps of Engineers; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Life Cycle Assessment of a Point Absorber Wave Energy Converter Engelfried, T. Thesis Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Life cycle assessment of ocean wave energy converter Singhapurage, H. Thesis Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Realizing the Potential of eDNA Biodiversity Monitoring Tools in the Marine Environment with Application to Offshore Renewable Energy Sepulveda, A.; Morrison, C.; Hunter, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Trade-offs of wind power production: A study on the environmental implications of raw materials mining in the life cycle of wind turbines Morozovska, K.; Bragone, F.; Svensson, A.X.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Integrated Environmental & Social Sensitivity Mapping: Guidance for Early Offshore Wind Spatial Planning World Bank Group Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind South Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for Commercial Wind Lease OCS-A 0499 Sullivan, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Developing onshore wind farms in Aotearoa New Zealand: carbon and energy footprints Pincelli, I.; Hinkley, J.; Brent, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Decommissioning Case Study: Circular Economy in the Wind Sector – Materials Mapping Smithson-Paul, V.; Bennet, L.; Fraser, O. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Offshore Wind Facts Deeper Dive: Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) and Offshore Wind Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Offshore Wind Facts: Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles Special Initiative on Offshore Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Sea turtle density surface models along the United States Atlantic coast DiMatteo, A.; Roberts, J.; Jones, D.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Entanglement Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
New England Wind Final Environmental Impact Statement (Final EIS) BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Can tidal power technologies be considered fully green? Franco, V.; Rueda-Bayona, J. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Life cycle carbon footprint accounting of an offshore wind farm in Southeast China—Simplified models and carbon benchmarks for typhoons Sun, Z.; You, X. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind on the Marine Ecosystem and Associated Species: Background and Issues for Congress Keating-Bitoni, C.; Marshak, A.; Comay, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Carbon footprint and energy life cycle assessment of wind energy industry in Libya Nassar, Y.; El-Khozondar, H.; El-Osta, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Monetized (socio-)environmental handprint and footprint of an offshore windfarm in the Belgian Continental Shelf: An assessment of local, regional and global impacts De Luca Pena, L.; Taelman, S. E.; Bas, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Life Cycle Assessment of Four Floating Wind Farms around Scotland Using a Site-Specific Operation and Maintenance Model with SOVs Struthers, I.; Avanessova, N.; Gray, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
A Probabilistic Methodology for Determining Collision Risk of Marine Animals with Tidal Energy Turbines Copping, A.; Hasselman, D.; Bangley, C.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A holistic tool to assess the cost and environmental performance of floating offshore wind farms Ferreira, V.; Benveniste, G.; Rapha, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Assessing the Relationship between Sea Turtle Strandings and Anthropogenic Impacts in Taiwan Chou, W.; Wu, P.; Li, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Life-Cycle Cost Assessment of Various Wave Energy Converters (Based on Energy and Carbon Intensity) Jahangir, M.; Bahrizadeh, S. Book Chapter Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Sustainability of corrosion protection for offshore wind turbine towers Juhl, M.; Hauschild, M.; Dam-Johansen, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Energy efficiency and environmental impacts of horizontal small wind turbines in Austria Zajicek, L.; Drapalik, M.; Kral, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Environmental life cycle assessment of a novel offshore wind energy design project: A United States based case study Moussavi, S.; Barutha, P.; Dvorak, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Digital Survey: First Annual Report Normandeau Associates Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Maryland Offshore Wind Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Life Cycle Assessment of a wave energy device – LiftWEC Bastos, P.; Devoy-McAuliffe, F.; Arredondo-Galeana, A.; et al. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wave Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment

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