Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind and marine renewable energy, supporting the OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Searches title, abstract, authors, and organization.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Static magnetic fields reduce swimming activity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae Cresci, A.; Durif, C.; Larsen, T.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
‘Scaling up’ our understanding of environmental effects of marine renewable energy development from single devices to large-scale commercial arrays Hasselman, D.; Hemery, L.; Copping, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise
Red rock crab (Cancer productus) movement is not influenced by electromagnetic fields produced by a submarine power transmission cable Williams, J.; Jaco, E.; Scholz, Z.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Effects of anthropogenic magnetic fields on the behavior of a major predator of the intertidal and subtidal zones, the velvet crab Necora puber Albert, L.; Olivier, F.; Jolivet, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates
Effect of electromagnetic fields from renewable energy subsea power cables on righting reflex and physiological response of coastal invertebrates Chapman, E.; Rochas, C.; Piper, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Maritime Spatial Planning in Europe: Discussion Paper on the Challenges and Potential Opportunities Around the Colocation of Offshore Wind Energy with Marine Protected Areas Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore wind project-level monitoring in the Northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem: evaluating the potential to mitigate impacts to long-term scientific surveys Methratta, E.; Lipsky, A.; Boucher, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) from subsea power cables in the natural marine environment Gill, A.; Hutchison, Z.; Desender, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF
Recording the Magnetic Field Produced by an Undersea Energy Generating Device: A Low-Cost Alternative Luna, V.; Silva, R.; Mendoza, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF Marine Mammals
Introducing energy into marine environments: A lab-scale static magnetic field submarine cable simulation and its effects on sperm and larval development on a reef forming serpulid Oliva, M.; De Marchi, L.; Cuccaro, A.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
EDEN 2000: Exploring Options For A Nature-Proof Development of Offshore Wind Farms Inside A Natura 2000 Area Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Vanaverbeke, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
What are the potential effects of the electromagnetic fields produced by offshore wind farm power cables on marine organisms? Henry, S.; Carlier, A.; Chauvaud, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Maryland Offshore Wind Project: Onshore Magnetic-Field Assessment Exponent Inc. Report Wind Energy EMF
Maryland Offshore Wind Project: Offshore Electric and Magnetic Field Assessment Exponent Inc. Report Wind Energy EMF Fish, Marine Mammals
Magnetic Field Limit and Potential Impact of Offshore Wind Farm Submarine Cables in Ecosystems Li, X.; Chen, J.; Zhan, H.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish
SafeWave Deliverable 2.2 Monitoring of Electromagnetic fields Imperadore, A.; Amaral, L.; Tanguy, F.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Wave EMF
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Evaluation of the Effects of Electrical Stimulation: A Pilot Experiment on the Marine Benthic Foraminiferal Species Amphistegina lessonii Rebecchi, F.; Lattanzi, D.; Abramovich, S.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Revolution Wind COP Appendix Q1: Offshore Electric- and Magnetic- Field Assessment Exponent Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
5th ScotMER Symposium: Energy Emissions Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise
Magnetic fields generated by submarine power cables have a negligible effect on the swimming behavior of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) juveniles Durif, C.; Nyqvist, D.; Taormina, B.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Pelagic Fish
Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data
Biological Effects of Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields from 0 to 100 MHz on Fauna and Flora: Workshop Report Pophof, B.; Henschenmacher, B.; Kattnig, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Literature Review on Barrier Effects, Ghost Fishing, and Electromagnetic Fields for Floating Windfarms Williamson, L. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement, EMF, Entanglement Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Clean Energy from the Ocean: Measuring the Environmental Footprint of Devices Rose, D.; Gunn, C.; Hemery, L. Magazine Article Marine Energy Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs SEER; Green, R.; Hein, C.; et al. Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles
Current state of knowledge Electromagnetic fields: Electromagnetic fields and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Descriptor 11 Energy Hermans, A.; Schilt, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Magnetic fields produced by subsea high-voltage direct current cables reduce swimming activity of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) Cresci, A.; Durif, C.; Larsen, T.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Sunrise Wind COP Appendix J2: Onshore EMF Assessment Exponent Engineering P.C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF
Sunrise Wind COP Appendix J1: Offshore EMF Assessment Exponent Engineering P.C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Do magnetic fields related to submarine power cables affect the functioning of a common bivalve? Jakubowska-Lehrmann, M.; Białowąs, M.; Otremba, Z.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Priority Conflict Topics for Marine Mammals and Birds Courbis, S.; Pacini, A.; Williams, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Review of fish and fisheries research to inform ScotMER evidence gaps and future strategic research in the UK Xoubanova, S.; Lawrence, Z. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Electromagnetic Field Effects on Marine Life SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Environmental Compatibility of the Parc Tramuntana Offshore Wind Project in Relation to Marine Ecosystems Diez-Caballero, K.; Troiteiro, S.; Garcia-Alba, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Floating Offshore Wind: Environmental Interactions Roadmap: Public Summary Report ORE Catapult; Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation
Quantifying Background Magnetic Fields at Marine Energy Sites: Challenges and Recommendations Grear, M.; McVey, J.; Cotter, E.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF
Can artificial magnetic fields alter the functional role of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis? Albert, L.; Maire, O.; Olivier, F.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) in the Tropics: An Overview of MRE Potential in Oaxaca, Mexico Oman, J. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, OTEC, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data
The Effects of Anthropogenic Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on the Early Development of Two Commercially Important Crustaceans, European Lobster, Homarus gammarus (L.) and Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) Harsanyi, P.; Scott, K.; Easton, B.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Effects of operational off-shore wind farms on fishes and fisheries Svendsen, J.; Ibanez-Erquiaga, B.; Savina, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Supplemental Data Regarding the Behavioral Response of Rock Crabs to the EMF of Subsea Cables and Potential Impact to Fisheries Williams, J.; Jaco, E.; Scholz, Z.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Magnetic fields generated by the DC cables of offshore wind farms have no effect on spatial distribution or swimming behavior of lesser sandeel larvae (Ammodytes marinus) Cresci, A.; Perrichon, P.; Durif, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Pelagic Fish
Project Summary of Outcomes and Results of Wave Energy in Southern Europe (WESE) Project Bald, J.; Uyarra, M.; Menchaca, I.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
ORJIP Ocean Energy Information Note: Electromagnetic Field Emissions Offshore Renewables Joint Industry Programme (ORJIP) Report Marine Energy EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Insights into the behavioural responses of juvenile thornback ray Raja clavata to alternating and direct current magnetic fields Albert, L.; Olivier, F.; Jolivet, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
How can the impacts of an operating wind farm on marine mammals be assessed? Couturier, L.; Curé, C.; Labach, H.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals

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