Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind and marine renewable energy, supporting the OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Static magnetic fields reduce swimming activity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae Cresci, A.; Durif, C.; Larsen, T.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
‘Scaling up’ our understanding of environmental effects of marine renewable energy development from single devices to large-scale commercial arrays Hasselman, D.; Hemery, L.; Copping, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise
Red rock crab (Cancer productus) movement is not influenced by electromagnetic fields produced by a submarine power transmission cable Williams, J.; Jaco, E.; Scholz, Z.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Effects of anthropogenic magnetic fields on the behavior of a major predator of the intertidal and subtidal zones, the velvet crab Necora puber Albert, L.; Olivier, F.; Jolivet, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates
Effect of electromagnetic fields from renewable energy subsea power cables on righting reflex and physiological response of coastal invertebrates Chapman, E.; Rochas, C.; Piper, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Maritime Spatial Planning in Europe: Discussion Paper on the Challenges and Potential Opportunities Around the Colocation of Offshore Wind Energy with Marine Protected Areas Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore wind project-level monitoring in the Northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem: evaluating the potential to mitigate impacts to long-term scientific surveys Methratta, E.; Lipsky, A.; Boucher, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) from subsea power cables in the natural marine environment Gill, A.; Hutchison, Z.; Desender, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF
Recording the Magnetic Field Produced by an Undersea Energy Generating Device: A Low-Cost Alternative Luna, V.; Silva, R.; Mendoza, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF Marine Mammals
Introducing energy into marine environments: A lab-scale static magnetic field submarine cable simulation and its effects on sperm and larval development on a reef forming serpulid Oliva, M.; De Marchi, L.; Cuccaro, A.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
EDEN 2000: Exploring Options For A Nature-Proof Development of Offshore Wind Farms Inside A Natura 2000 Area Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Vanaverbeke, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
What are the potential effects of the electromagnetic fields produced by offshore wind farm power cables on marine organisms? Henry, S.; Carlier, A.; Chauvaud, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Maryland Offshore Wind Project: Onshore Magnetic-Field Assessment Exponent Inc. Report Wind Energy EMF
Maryland Offshore Wind Project: Offshore Electric and Magnetic Field Assessment Exponent Inc. Report Wind Energy EMF Fish, Marine Mammals
Magnetic Field Limit and Potential Impact of Offshore Wind Farm Submarine Cables in Ecosystems Li, X.; Chen, J.; Zhan, H.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish
SafeWave Deliverable 2.2 Monitoring of Electromagnetic fields Imperadore, A.; Amaral, L.; Tanguy, F.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Wave EMF
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Evaluation of the Effects of Electrical Stimulation: A Pilot Experiment on the Marine Benthic Foraminiferal Species Amphistegina lessonii Rebecchi, F.; Lattanzi, D.; Abramovich, S.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Revolution Wind COP Appendix Q1: Offshore Electric- and Magnetic- Field Assessment Exponent Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
5th ScotMER Symposium: Energy Emissions Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise
Magnetic fields generated by submarine power cables have a negligible effect on the swimming behavior of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) juveniles Durif, C.; Nyqvist, D.; Taormina, B.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Pelagic Fish
Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data
Biological Effects of Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields from 0 to 100 MHz on Fauna and Flora: Workshop Report Pophof, B.; Henschenmacher, B.; Kattnig, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
SafeWave DELIVERABLE 2.7 Guidelines on EMF, noise, and seabed integrity monitoring planning for wave energy devices Bald, J.; Vinagre, P.; Chainho, P.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Wave EMF, Habitat Change, Noise
Biological Consequences of Marine Energy Development on Marine Animals Hemery, L.; Copping, A.; Overhus, D. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Seabirds, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Electromagnetic Field Impacts on American Eel Movement and Migration from Direct Current Cables Hutchison, Z.; Sigray, P.; Gill, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish
Wozep midterm evaluation 2021 Odinga, J.; Barbé, D.; van Mastrigt, A.; et al. Report Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
FLOATGEN floating wind turbine environmental monitoring report, SEM-REV test site Reynaud, M.; Le Bouhris, E.; Soulard, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Environmental Information for Siting and Operation of Floating Tidal Turbines in U.S. Waters Copping, A.; Garavelli, L.; Overhus, D.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Environmental Impacts of Tidal and Wave Energy Converters Hutchison, Z.; Lieber, L.; Miller, R.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
A Review of Biodiversity Data Needs and Monitoring Protocols for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in the Baltic Sea and North Sea Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality
Are fish in danger? A review of environmental effects of marine renewable energy on fishes Copping, A.; Hemery, L.; Viehman, H.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Riverine, Tidal, Wave Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Fish
Moving from scientific research to consenting guidance for MRE environmental risk Copping, A.; Rose, D.; Freeman, M. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
European Scalable Offshore Renewable Energy Source (EU-SCORES) Francisco Correia da Fonseca Research Study Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Marine Evidence packages ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd (ABPmer) Website Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) from Submarine Power Cables Can Trigger Strength-Dependent Behavioural and Physiological Responses in Edible Crab, Cancer pagurus (L.) Scott, K.; Harsanyi, P.; Easton, B.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Sea Turtle Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Gitschlag, G.; Perry, R.; Williams, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Reptiles
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects California State Lands Commission Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts
Map-like use of Earth’s magnetic field in sharks Keller, B.; Putnam, N.; Grubbs, R.; et al. Journal Article EMF Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
WESE Deliverable 2.2 Monitoring of Electromagnetic fields Chainho, P.; Bald, J. Report Marine Energy, Wave EMF
Environmental impacts of offshore wind installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning activities: A case study of Brazil Hernández Carrascal, O.; Shadman, M.; Amiri, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
SafeWave DELIVERABLE 2.1 Development of environmental monitoring plans Vinagre, P.; Chainho, P.; Cruz E.; et al. Report Marine Energy EMF, Noise Fish
Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities Farr, H.; Ruttenberg, B.; Walter, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise, Vessel Strike Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
WESE Deliverable 3.1 EMF Modelling Chainho, P.; Bald, J. Report Marine Energy, Wave EMF
A call to assess the impacts of electromagnetic fields from subsea cables on the movement ecology of marine migrants Klimley, A.; Putnam, N.; Keller, B.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Characterisation of the Potential Impacts of Subsea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Renewable Energy Projects Taormina, B.; Quillienn, N.; Lejart, M.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates
A modelling evaluation of electromagnetic fields emitted by buried subsea power cables and encountered by marine animals: considerations for marine renewable energy development Hutchison, Z.; Gill, A.; Sigray, P.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
South Fork Wind Farm Construction and Operations Plan Ørsted; Eversource Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Similar circling movements observed across marine megafauna taxa Narazaki, T.; Nakamura, I.; Aoki, K.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles

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