Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind and marine renewable energy, supporting the OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Searches title, abstract, authors, and organization.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Static magnetic fields reduce swimming activity of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) larvae Cresci, A.; Durif, C.; Larsen, T.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
‘Scaling up’ our understanding of environmental effects of marine renewable energy development from single devices to large-scale commercial arrays Hasselman, D.; Hemery, L.; Copping, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise
Red rock crab (Cancer productus) movement is not influenced by electromagnetic fields produced by a submarine power transmission cable Williams, J.; Jaco, E.; Scholz, Z.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Effects of anthropogenic magnetic fields on the behavior of a major predator of the intertidal and subtidal zones, the velvet crab Necora puber Albert, L.; Olivier, F.; Jolivet, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates
Effect of electromagnetic fields from renewable energy subsea power cables on righting reflex and physiological response of coastal invertebrates Chapman, E.; Rochas, C.; Piper, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Invertebrates
Maritime Spatial Planning in Europe: Discussion Paper on the Challenges and Potential Opportunities Around the Colocation of Offshore Wind Energy with Marine Protected Areas Stephenson, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore wind project-level monitoring in the Northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem: evaluating the potential to mitigate impacts to long-term scientific surveys Methratta, E.; Lipsky, A.; Boucher, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) from subsea power cables in the natural marine environment Gill, A.; Hutchison, Z.; Desender, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF
Recording the Magnetic Field Produced by an Undersea Energy Generating Device: A Low-Cost Alternative Luna, V.; Silva, R.; Mendoza, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF Marine Mammals
Introducing energy into marine environments: A lab-scale static magnetic field submarine cable simulation and its effects on sperm and larval development on a reef forming serpulid Oliva, M.; De Marchi, L.; Cuccaro, A.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
EDEN 2000: Exploring Options For A Nature-Proof Development of Offshore Wind Farms Inside A Natura 2000 Area Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Vanaverbeke, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
What are the potential effects of the electromagnetic fields produced by offshore wind farm power cables on marine organisms? Henry, S.; Carlier, A.; Chauvaud, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Maryland Offshore Wind Project: Onshore Magnetic-Field Assessment Exponent Inc. Report Wind Energy EMF
Maryland Offshore Wind Project: Offshore Electric and Magnetic Field Assessment Exponent Inc. Report Wind Energy EMF Fish, Marine Mammals
Magnetic Field Limit and Potential Impact of Offshore Wind Farm Submarine Cables in Ecosystems Li, X.; Chen, J.; Zhan, H.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish
SafeWave Deliverable 2.2 Monitoring of Electromagnetic fields Imperadore, A.; Amaral, L.; Tanguy, F.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Wave EMF
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Evaluation of the Effects of Electrical Stimulation: A Pilot Experiment on the Marine Benthic Foraminiferal Species Amphistegina lessonii Rebecchi, F.; Lattanzi, D.; Abramovich, S.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Revolution Wind COP Appendix Q1: Offshore Electric- and Magnetic- Field Assessment Exponent Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions
5th ScotMER Symposium: Energy Emissions Marine Scotland Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise
Magnetic fields generated by submarine power cables have a negligible effect on the swimming behavior of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) juveniles Durif, C.; Nyqvist, D.; Taormina, B.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Fish, Pelagic Fish
Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data
Biological Effects of Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields from 0 to 100 MHz on Fauna and Flora: Workshop Report Pophof, B.; Henschenmacher, B.; Kattnig, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Setting the Context for Offshore Wind Development Effects on Fish and Fisheries Gill, A.; Degraer, S.; Lipsky, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
The Interaction Between Resource Species and Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Electricity Production by Offshore Wind Farms Hutchison, Z.; Secor, D.; Gill, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Potential impacts of submarine power cables from marine renewable energy projects on benthic communities Taormina, B. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Ocean energy and the environment: Research and strategic actions ETIP Ocean Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science Copping, A.; Hemery, L.; Overhus, D.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
A Review on Environmental and Social Impacts of Thermal Gradient and Tidal Currents Energy Conversion and Application to the Case of Chiapas, Mexico Rivera, G.; Felix, A.; Mendoza, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
2020 State of the Science Report - Chapter 13: Risk Retirement and Data Transferability for Marine Renewable Energy Copping, A.; Freeman, M.; Gorton, A.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave EMF, Noise Human Dimensions
2020 State of the Science Report - Chapter 5: Risk to Animals from Electromagnetic Fields Emitted by Electric Cables and Marine Renewable Energy Devices Gill, A.; Desender, M. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave EMF Fish, Invertebrates
OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World Copping, A.; Hemery, L. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
A current synthesis on the effects of electric and magnetic fields emitted by submarine power cables on invertebrates Albert, L.; Deschamps, F.; Jolivet, A.; et al. Journal Article EMF Invertebrates
Short Science Summary 2020: Electromagnetic Fields OES-Environmental Summary Marine Energy EMF
Annual environmental report 2019 – Belwind Belwind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Orientation behavior and swimming speed of Atlantic herring larvae (Clupea harengus) in situ and in laboratory exposures to rotated artificial magnetic fields Cresci, A.; Allan, B.; Shema, S.; et al. Journal Article EMF Fish
Review of Available Models for Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Buenau, K.; Garavelli, L.; Hemery, L.; et al. Report Marine Energy Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise
Risk Retirement for Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Copping, A.; Freeman, M.; Overhus, D. Report Marine Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMF) influence the behaviour of bottom-dwelling marine species Hutchison, Z.; Gill, A.; Sigray, P.; et al. Journal Article EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
Risk Retirement—Decreasing Uncertainty and Informing Consenting Processes for Marine Renewable Energy Development Copping, A.; Freeman, M.; Gorton, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF, Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Immune response of mollusk Onchidium struma to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz) exposure based on immune-related enzyme activity and De novo transcriptome analysis Zhang, M.; Wang, J.; Sun, Q.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates
Electric and magnetic senses in marine animals, and potential behavioral effects of electromagnetic surveys Nyqvist, D.; Durif, C.; Gullikstad Johnsen, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy EMF Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles
Impact of magnetic fields generated by AC/DC submarine power cables on the behavior of juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus) Taormina, B.; Di Poi, C.; Agnalt, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates, Legal & Policy
A sense of place: pink salmon use a magnetic map for orientation Putman, N.; Williams, C.; Gallagher, E.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy Displacement, EMF Fish, Pelagic Fish
Potential effects of electromagnetic fields in the Dutch North Sea Phase 2: Pilot field study Snoek, R.; Bohm, C.; Didderen, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF
A Risk Retirement Pathway for Potential Effects of Underwater Noise and Electromagnetic Fields for Marine Renewable Energy Development Copping, A.; Freeman, M.; Gorton, A.; et al. Conference Paper Marine Energy EMF, Noise

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