Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind and marine renewable energy, supporting the OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Tidal Stream Energy Project: Collision Risk Data and Evidence Summary Phillips, E.; Wren, S.; King, G.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
As built register Task & Finish Group Workshop: Feedback Report Offshore Wind Industry Council (OWIC); Pathways to Growth Coordination Group Workshop Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Strategic seaweed farming to support protected seabirds impacted by offshore windfarms Furness, R.; Furness, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds
Seals exhibit localised avoidance of operational tidal turbines Montabaranom, J.; Gillespie, D.; Longden, E.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report July 2023 to June 2024 Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Visual fields, foraging and collision vulnerability in gulls (Laridae) Cantlay, J.; Portugal, S.; Martin, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Influence of wind on kittiwake Rissa tridactyla flight and offshore wind turbine collision risk Davies, J.; Boersch-Supan, P.; Clewley, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Collaboration for Environmental Mitigation and Nature Inclusive Design (CEMNID) Xodus Group; The Rich North Sea - De Rijke Noordzee Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Approach Distances of Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines According to Blade Motion Status, Wind Speed, and Preferred Habitat Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Shetland Tidal Array Project Environmental Monitoring Plan (PEMP) Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Automated Detection and Tracking of Marine Mammals in the Vicinity of Tidal Turbines Using Multibeam Sonar Gillespie, D.; Hastie, G.; Montabaranom, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals
Responses of GPS-Tagged Territorial Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos to Wind Turbines in Scotland Fielding, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report April 2022 to July 2023 Nova Innovation Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
The bigger picture: developing a low-cost graphical user interface to process drone imagery of tidal stream environments Slingsby, J.; Scott, B.; Kregting, L.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report: Land based bird and mammal surveys Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Practical Approaches for Providing Empirical Data on Seabird Behavior and Prey Assemblages in Tidal Channels Fraser, S.; Waggitt, J. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates
Review of fish and fisheries research to inform ScotMER evidence gaps and future strategic research in the UK Xoubanova, S.; Lawrence, Z. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Sandwich Terns in the Netherlands in 2019-2021 van Bemmelen, R.; Courtens, W.; Collier, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Landscape Decisions to Meet Net Zero Carbon: Pathways that consider ethics, socio-ecological diversity, and landscape functions. Landscape Decisions Report Cole, B.; Gardner, E.; Willcock, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) presence is reduced during tidal turbine operation Palmer, L.; Gillespie, D.; Macaulay, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Quantifying the effects of tidal turbine array operations on the distribution of marine mammals: Implications for collision risk Onoufriou, J.; Russell, D.; Thompson, D.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Marine Mammal Collision Risk Modelling Vallejo, G.; McCarthy, S. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Shetland Tidal Array Monitoring Report: Subsea video monitoring Smith, K. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals
When speed matters: The importance of flight speed in an avian collision risk model Masden, E.; Cook, A.; McCluskie, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Fast & Flexible: streamlining a simulation- based approach to collision risk assessments Horne, N.; Schmitt, P.; Culloch, R.; et al. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Harbour porpoises exhibit localized evasion of a tidal turbine Gillespie, D.; Palmer, L.; Macaulay, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Tidal stream use by black guillemots Cepphus grylle in relation to a marine renewable energy development Johnston, D.; Furness, R.; Robbins, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Application of a multibeam echosounder to document changes in animal movement and behaviour around a tidal turbine structure Williamson, B.; Blondel, P.; Williamson, L.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Peaks in bat activity at turbines and the implications for mitigating the impact of wind energy developments on bats Richardson, S.; Lintott, P.; Hosken, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Vulnerability of northern gannets to offshore wind farms; seasonal and sex-specific collision risk and demographic consequences Lane, J.; Jeavons, R.; Deakin, Z.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Integrating Wind Turbines and Fish Farms: An Evaluation of Potential Risks to Marine and Coastal Bird Species Benjamins, S.; Masden, E.; Collu, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Seabird Population Trends and Causes of Change: 1986-2018 Report Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Report Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Comparing acoustic and radar deterrence methods as mitigation measures to reduce human-bat impacts and conservation conflicts Gilmour, L. ; Holderied, M. ; Pickering , S. ; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats
Avian vulnerability to wind farm collision through the year: insights from Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) tracked from multiple breeding colonies Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Interaction of Marine Renewable Energy and Marine Organisms: Active Acoustic Assessment Williamson, B.; Fraser, S.; Nikora, V.; et al. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Fish
Agent-Based Modelling of fish collisions with tidal turbines Rossington, K.; Benson, T. Presentation Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Fish
Marine Mammals and Tidal Energy: Annual Report to Scottish Government Palmer, L.; Gillespie, D.; Macaulay, J.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Power Take-Off System for a Subsea Tidal Kite D6.2 - Environmental Impact Report Kregting, L.; Schmitt, P.; Lieber, L.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Empirical measures of harbor seal behavior and avoidance of an operational tidal turbine Joy, R.; Wood, J.; Sparling, C.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Use of an optical rangefinder to assess the reliability of seabird flight heights from boat‐based surveyors: implications for collision risk at offshore wind farms Harwood, A.; Perrow, M.; Berridge, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Supergen Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) Hub Greaves, D. Research Study Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Enabling Future Arrays in Tidal: Y1 Environmental Monitoring Report Smith, K.; Simpson, N. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
The Ornithodolite as a tool to quantify animal space use and habitat selection: a case study with birds diving in tidal waters Cole, E.; Waggitt, J.; Hedenstrom, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Comparison of damage to live v. euthanized Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts from passage through an Archimedean screw turbine Brackley, R.; Lucas, M.; Thomas, R.; et al. Journal Article Riverine, Marine Energy Collision Pelagic Fish, Fish
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model Warwick-Evans, V.; Atkinson, P.; Walkington, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Dodging the blades: new insights into threedimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds

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