Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind and marine renewable energy, supporting the OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

As an alternative to the Knowledge Base, check out the Map Viewer to access geotagged content in a spatial view.

Searches title, abstract, authors, and organization.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Summary of Bird Monitoring Reports from Operational Wind Energy Facilities in South Africa BirdLife South Africa Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Blue Economy CRC – Report of the Offshore Wind status quo in Norway and reflection on best practices Hatlebrekke, H.; Dankel, D.; Tiller, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Legal & Policy
Collaboration or competition? Interactions between floating and fixed-bottom offshore wind in Norway Havinga, H.C.; Adriaan van der Loos, H.Z.; Steen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Planning and Licensing of Onshore Wind Power Projects (Planlegging og konsesjonsbehandling av vindkraftanlegg på land) Ministry of Energy, Norway Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Estimating collision risk for whitetailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in onshore wind power environments: Application of spatial modelling frameworks and predictive mapping Halgunset, G. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Assessing the ecological effects of the Lista wind power park on vegetation and cervids Lebesbye, E. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Physical Environment, Terrestrial Mammals
Whose Expertise and Whose Knowledge Matter? Influencing Wind Power Decisions in Norway Bonvik-Stone, D.; Lykke, K.V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Lack of evasive behaviour by a Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus on impact with a turbine blade at a South African wind farm: causes and mitigations; Absence de comportement évasif d’un Aigle martial Polemaetus bellicosus lors de l’impact avec une pale Simmons, R.; Martins, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Spatial Trade-Offs in National Land-Based Wind Power Production in Times of Biodiversity and Climate Crises Grimsrud, K.; Hagem, C.; Haaskjold, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Human Dimensions
Mapping seabird vulnerability to offshore wind farms in Norwegian waters Fauchald, P.; Ollus, V.; Ballesteros, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds
Wind energy development can lead to guild-specific habitat loss in boreal forest bats McKay, R.; Johns, S.; Bischof, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Husby, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors
Long-term impacts of the Smøla wind farm on a local population of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) Stokke, B.; Dahl, E.; Kleven, O.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Norwegian offshore wind power—Spatial planning using multi-criteria decision analysis Solbrekke, I. M.; Sorteberg, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
A wind of change in Norway: Explaining shifts in municipal stances on wind power by policy feedback and energy justice Eikeland, P.; Taranger, K.; Inderberg, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Effects of Wind Power Development on Reindeer: Global Positioning System Monitoring and Herders’ Experience Eftestøl, S.; Tsegaye, D.; Flydal, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
A utilization distribution for the global population of Cape Vultures (Gyps coprotheres) to guide wind energy development Cervantes, F.; Murgatroyd, M.; Allan, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
The negative impact of wind turbines on wildlife in South Africa Docrat, N. Thesis Wind Energy Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy
Do people prefer offshore to onshore wind energy? The role of ownership and intended use Linnerud, K.; Dugstad, A.; Rygg, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Current state of knowledge of wind energy impacts on bats in South Africa Aronson, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Measurement and Modelling of Underwater Acoustic Noise induced by Offshore Wind Turbines under the Effects of Varying Oceanic and Sea-State Conditions Konow, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) Husby, M.; Pearson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Blowing in the Wind—Norwegian Wind Power Photographs in Transition Simonsen, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Wind and Fisheries: Desktop Study on the Coexistence Between Offshore Wind and Fisheries in Southern North Sea II Austrheim, E.; Dahlgren, T.; Handberg, O.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Flight Altitudes of Raptors in Southern Africa Highlight Vulnerability of Threatened Species to Wind Turbines McClure, C.; Dunn, L.; McCabe, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Life-cycle impacts of wind energy development on bird diversity in Norway May, R.; Jackson, C.; Middel, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Sea Lice Are Sensitive to Low Frequency Sounds Solé, M.; Lenoir, M.; Fortuno, J-M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Offshore wind turbine operations and maintenance: A state-of-the-art review Ren, Z.; Verma, A.; Li, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
A predictive model for improving placement of wind turbines to minimise collision risk potential for a large soaring raptor Murgatroyd, M.; Bouten, W.; Amar, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Estimating bird flight height using 3-D photogrammetry Prinsloo, N.; Postma, M.; Ryan, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Powerpier by Havkraft Havkraft AS Project Site Marine Energy, Wave
Human impact on highly mobile cetaceans: the use of biotelemetry data to inform ocean management Evert, M. Thesis Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Migratory and diurnal activity of North Atlantic killer whales (Orcinus orca) off northern Norway Dietz, R.; Rikardsen, A.; Biuw, M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Global life-cycle impacts of onshore wind-power plants on bird richness May, R.; Middel, H.; Stokke, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Public opposition to wind power projects in Norway Omholt, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Paint it black: Efficacy of increased wind turbine rotor blade visibility to reduce avian fatalities May, R.; Nygård, T.; Falkdalen, U.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
On a collision course? The large diversity of birds killed by wind turbines in South Africa Perold, V.; Ralston-Paton, S.; Ryan, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Black Harriers and Wind Energy: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation Simmons, R.; Ralston-Paton, S.; Colyn, R.; et al. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
High-Resolution Modeling of Uplift Landscapes can Inform Micrositing of Wind Turbines for Soaring Raptors Hanssen, F.; May, R.; Nygård, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Orientation behavior and swimming speed of Atlantic herring larvae (Clupea harengus) in situ and in laboratory exposures to rotated artificial magnetic fields Cresci, A.; Allan, B.; Shema, S.; et al. Journal Article EMF Fish
Effect of tower base painting on willow ptarmigan collision rates with wind turbines Stokke, B.; Nygård, T.; Falkdalen, U.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
South African Bat Fatality Threshold Guidelines: Edition 3 MacEwan, K.; Aronson, J.; Richardson, K.; et al. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Conservation management plan for the protection of heritage resources at Brandweynkop, Humansdorp Magisterial District, Eastern Cape Province Orton, J.; Muller, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Impact of magnetic fields generated by AC/DC submarine power cables on the behavior of juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus) Taormina, B.; Di Poi, C.; Agnalt, A.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy EMF Invertebrates, Legal & Policy
Using radar technology to assess visual monitoring accuracy of Cape Vulture movements Becker, F.; Millikin, R.; Leslie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
From strategic marine planning to project licences – Striking a balance between predictability and adaptability in the management of aquaculture and offshore wind farms Schütz, S.; Slater, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Adaptive surface distortions for torque ripple control in vertical-axis wind turbines Erfort, G.; von Backström, T.; Venter, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Who influences windpower licensing decisions in Norway? Formal requirements and informal practices Inderberg, T.; Rognstad, H.; Saglie, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
The impact of wind turbines on local recreation: Evidence from two travel cost method-contingent behavior studies Kipperberg, G.; Onozaka, Y.; Bui, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Recreation & Tourism, Human Dimensions
Cape Vulture and Wind Farms: Guidelines for impact assessment, monitoring and mitigation Pfeiffer, M.; Ralston-Paton, S. Guidance Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions

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