Short Science Summary 2020: Collision Risk

Fish

Potential for Animals to be Injured by Turbines: Collision Risk

The presence of marine renewable energy (MRE) devices—particularly the rotating blades of tidal and river turbines—is thought to pose a risk to marine animals. Animals might come into close contact with turbine blades in the course of their natural movements, because they are attracted to the device for purposes of feeding, shelter, or out of curiosity, or because they are not strong enough to avoid currents that might sweep them into the blades.

The concern is that a collision with moving device parts (e.g., turbine blades), a moving device (e.g., tidal kite), or perhaps the stationary part of a device (e.g., foundation) could cause irrevocable injury or death. For animal populations that are under stress for other reasons, such as climate change or other human activities, loss of even a few members due to collision might affect the survivability of the population. The greatest concerns are for marine mammals, especially those in protected or declining populations; commercially and recreationally important fish species; and endangered seabirds.

This Short Science Summary was developed based on the OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World, specifically Chapter 3: Collision Risk for Animals around Turbines. 

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Empirical measures of harbor seal behavior and avoidance of an operational tidal turbine Joy, R., Wood, J., Sparling, C., Tollit, D., Copping, A., McConnell, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Applying a simple model for estimating the likelihood of collision of marine mammals with tidal turbines Copping, A., Grear, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals
Long‐term effect of a tidal, hydroelectric propeller turbine on the populations of three anadromous fish species Dadswell, M., Spares, A., McIean, M., Harris, P., Rulifson, R. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision, Avoidance Pelagic Fish, Fish, Demersal Fish
Trialling a Seabird Sensitivity Mapping Tool for Marine Renewable Energy Developments in Ireland Burke, B. Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Winter and summer differences in probability of fish encounter (spatial overlap) with MHK devices Viehman, H., Boucher, T., Redden, A. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
Enabling Future Arrays in Tidal: Y1 Environmental Monitoring Report Smith, K., Simpson, N. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Efficient unstructured mesh generation for marine renewable energy applications Avdis, A., Candy, A., Hill, J., Kramer, S., Piggott, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision
Characterization of Marine Mammal Biomechanics to Evaluate Tidal Turbine Collision Impact Grear, M. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals
First in situ Passive Acoustic Monitoring for Marine Mammals during Operation of a Tidal Turbine in Ramsey Sound, Wales Malinka, C., Gillespie, D., Macaulay, J., Joy, R., Sparling, C. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Marine Mammals
Marine Mammals and Tidal Energy: Report to Scottish Government Hastie, G., Evers, C., Gillespie, D., Irving, P., Onoufriou, J., Sparling, C. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Sensitivity of tidal lagoon and barrage hydrodynamic impacts and energy outputs to operational characteristics Angeloudis, A., Falconer, R. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Ecosystem Processes
A Tool for Simulating Collision Probabilities of Animals with Marine Renewable Energy Devices Schmitt, P., Culloch, R., Lieber, L., Molander, S., Hammar, L., Kregting, L. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision
Understanding the Potential Risk to Marine Mammals from Collision with Tidal Turbines Copping, A., Grear, M., Jepsen, R., Chartrand, C., Gorton, A. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Marine Mammals
Tidal Turbine-Fish Interaction Pilot Study in the Aquatron Controlled Lab Space MacNeill, A., Mahon-Hodgins, L., Eddington, J., Batt, J., Bibeau, E., Kregting, L., Molloy, S. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Fish
Hydroacoustic Assessment of Behavioral Responses by Fish Passing Near an Operating Tidal Turbine in the East River, New York Bevelhimer, M., Scherelis, C., Colby, J., Adonizio, M. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision, Avoidance Fish
Impact assessment of marine current turbines on fish behavior using an experimental approach based on the similarity law Zhang, J., Kitazawa, D., Taya, S., Mizukami, Y. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
Operational Noise from Tidal Turbine Arrays and the Assessment of Collision Risk with Marine Mammals Marmo, B. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Noise Marine Mammals
Good noise, bad noise: A tricky case of balancing risk of physical injury against acoustic disturbance for marine mammals and tidal energy devices Wilson, B., Marmo, B., Lepper, P., Risch, D., Benjamins, S., Hastie, G., Carter, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision, Noise Marine Mammals
Computational Prediction of Pressure Change in the Vicinity of Tidal Stream Turbines and the Consequences for Fish Survival Rate Zangiabadi, E., Masters, I., Williams, A., Croft, T., Malki, R., Edmunds, M., Mason-Jones, A., Horsfall, I. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Collision Fish
Tidal Energy Fish Impact: Method Development to Determine the Impact of Open Water Tidal Energy Converters on Fish Smit, M., Winter, E., Scheijgrond, P., Bergmeijer, P., Schuitema, R., Nichols, C., Visser, B., Thijssen, M., Quesson, B., van Duren, L., Griffioen, B., van Keeken, O., Boom, L., Nauw, J. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Fish
Hydroacoustic Analysis of the Effects of a Tidal Power Turbine on Fishes Viehman, H. Thesis Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
Interactions of Aquatic Animals with the ORPC OCGen in Cobscook Bay, Maine: Monitoring Behavior Change and Assessing the Probability of Encounter with a Deployed MHK Device Zydlewski, G., Staines, G., Viehman, H., Shen, H., Altenritter, M. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Fish
A Coordinated Action Plan for Addressing Collision Risk for Marine Mammals and Tidal Turbines Hutchison, I., Copping, A. Workshop Article Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals
Informing a Tidal Turbine Strike Probability Model through Characterization of Fish Behavioral Response using Multibeam Sonar Output Bevelhimer, M., Colby, J., Adonizio, M., Tomichek, C., Scherelis, C. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Fish
Estimating the probability of fish encountering a marine hydrokinetic device Shen, H., Zydlewski, G., Viehman, H., Staines, G. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Fish
Assessing collision risk between underwater turbines and marine wildlife Scottish Natural Heritage Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision
Tidal Turbine Collision Detection Requirements Report Jha, S. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals
Tidal Turbine Collision Detection: A review of the state-of-the-art sensors and imaging systems for detecting mammal collisions Jha, S. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals
Brims Tidal Array Collision Risk Modelling - Atlantic Salmon Xodus Group Report Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Fish, Pelagic Fish
Refining Estimates of Collision Risk for Harbour Seals and Tidal Turbines Band, B., Sparling, C., Thompson, D., Onoufriou, J., San Martin, E., West, N. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Data Based Estimates of Collision Risk: An Example Based on Harbour Seal Tracking Data around a Proposed Tidal Turbine Array in the Pentland Firth Thompson, D., Onoufriou, J., Brownlow, A., Morris, C. Report Marine Energy, Tidal Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
A Self-Contained Subsea Platform for Acoustic Monitoring of the Environment Around Marine Renewable Energy Devices - Field Deployments at Wave and Tidal Energy Sites in Orkney, Scotland Williamson, B., Blondel, P., Armstrong, E., Bell, P., Hall, C., Waggitt, J., Scott, B. Journal Article Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
MR7.2.2 Collision Risk and Impact Study: Examination of Models for Estimating the Risk of Collisions Between Seals and Tidal Turbines Lonergan, M., Thompson, D. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
MR7.2.3 Collision Risk and Impact Study: Field Tests of Turbine Blade-Seal Carcass Collisions Thompson, D., Brownlow, A., Onoufriou, J., Moss, S. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
MR7.2.1 Collision Risk: A Brief Review of Available Information on Behaviour of Mammals and Birds in High Tidal Energy Areas Onoufriou, J., Thompson, D. Report Tidal, Marine Energy Collision Marine Mammals, Birds
Understanding the Risk to Marine Mammals from Collision with a Tidal Turbine Copping, A., Jepsen, R., Grear, M., Gorton, A., Chartrand, C. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals
Advancing a Key Consenting Risk for Tidal Energy: The Risk of Marine Mammal Collision for In-Stream Tidal Energy Devices Booth, C., Sparling, C., Wood, J., Tollitt, D., Scott-Heyward, L., Rexstad, E., Hultgren, Y., Johnsson, M., Knutzen, E. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Collision Marine Mammals
Improvements to Probabilistic Tidal Turbine-Fish Interaction Model Parameters Tomichek, C., Colby, J., Adonizio, M. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Tidal Avoidance, Collision Fish, Demersal Fish
Evaluation of Behavior and Survival of Fish Exposed to an Axial-Flow Hydrokinetic Turbine Amaral, S., Bevelhimer, M., Cada, G., Giza, D., Jacobson, P., McMahon, B., Pracheil, B. Journal Article Tidal, Marine Energy Collision, Avoidance Pelagic Fish, Fish, Demersal Fish
Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments Copping, A., Hanna, L., Van Cleve, B., Blake, K., Anderson, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Chemicals, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
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