Abstract
In this report, the conclusions drawn from the modelling performed in WP3, as well as the main GAPs encountered, are presented.
• Electromagnetic fields (EMF): No significative EMF disturbances related to the device’s operation are found from the simulations. This suggests a low likelihood of EMF interference with marine life or navigational systems. However, while modelling has provided valuable insights, there is a need to correlate these findings with long-term field data to validate the models and ensure their predictive accuracy.
• Underwater noise: In terms of underwater noise, extensive acoustic modelling was carried out at three test sites and showed that the highest noise emissions were typically in the lower frequency bands. Acoustic nuisance distances varied between 0.5 km and 2.5 km from the equipment, depending on the specific site and conditions. The main gaps in the knowledge of underwater noise were the lack of high quality input data, the lack of validation of the models and the absence of consideration of the many noise-generating systems of the WECs.
• Marine dynamics: Marine dynamics modelling at the Aguçadoura test site showed a significant shadowing effect on wave energy, with significant energy reduction within 250 m of the device. Beyond this range, the effect diminished significantly, with less than a 2% reduction in wave energy reaching the shore. The main gap identified is that relying solely on theoretical wave spectra for modelling may not accurately represent real ocean conditions, potentially leading to errors in the assessment of WEC system performance. Criteria are needed to determine when actual measured wave data should be used to improve model accuracy. In addition, data should be collected in all seasons to allow for comparison.