Abstract
Marine energy is derived from the movement and other attributes of seawater, with devices to harvest energy from the waves, tides, persistent ocean currents, large open rivers, and gradients of temperature and salinity in the ocean. Marine energy can provide power to islands and remote coastal communities in conjunction with other renewables like wind and solar by using energy storage and microgrids; generate and use power at sea for applications like offshore aquaculture and ocean observations; and contribute to grid power for many nations. Persistent marine power sources can mitigate climate change and provide reliably generated local power that will help smaller communities make the transition to a just renewable energy future. The marine energy industry is young, engaging in extensive testing and initial deployments into harsh ocean conditions that require specialized engineering, innovative materials, assistance from offshore specialists, and studies on environmental effects to ensure that vulnerable marine animals, habitats, and ecosystem processes are not harmed.