Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Development of Underwater Flora and Fauna Communities on Hard Substrates of the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee Lengkeek, W.; Bouma, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes
Lynn and Inner Dowsing Hydrographic Monitoring Survey Fugro EMU Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates
Wind Turbine Sound and Health Effects: An Expert Panel Review Colby, W.; Dobie, R.; Leventhall, G.; et al. Report Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Marine Renewable Energy: Potential Benefits to Biodiversity? An Urgent Call for Research Inger, R.; Attrill, M.; Bearhop, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Ecosystem Processes
Comparative life-cycle assessment of a small wind turbine for residential off-grid use Fleck, B.; Huot, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Life cycle energy and greenhouse emissions analysis of wind turbines and the effect of size on energy yield Crawford, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Social Movements and Industry Development: The Environmental Movement's Impact on the Wind Energy Industry Vasi, I. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Spatial Planning of Offshore Wind Farms: A Windfall to Marine Environmental Protection? Punt, M.; Groeneveld, R.; Van Ierland, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Spatial Planning, Human Dimensions
Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals Miller, J.; Potty, G.; Raposa, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Life cycle analysis of 4.5 MW and 250 W wind turbines Tremeac, B.; Meunier, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
An Integrated Risk Framework for Gigawatt-Scale Deployments of Renewable Energy: The U.S. Wind Energy Case Ram, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
A Comparison of Offshore Wind Power Development in Europe and the US: Patterns and Drivers of Development Snyder, B.; Kaiser, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Port Elizabeth Wind Energy Facility Avifaunal and Bat Impact Assessment Strugnell, L.; Smallie, J.; Patterson-Abrolat, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds, Bats
Weight-of-evidence evaluation in environmental assessment: Review of qualitative and quantitative approaches Linkov, I.; Loney, D.; Cormier, S.; et al. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Coastal Process Modelling for Offshore Windfarm Environmental Impact Assessment: Best Practice Guide Lambkin, D.; Harris, J.; Cooper, W.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Integrated Assessment of Coastal and Marine Changes Using the Example of Offshore Wind Farms: the Coastal Futures Approach Kannen, A.; Burkhard, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Energy Sprawl or Energy Efficiency: Climate Policy Impacts on Natural Habitat for the United States of America McDonald, R.; Fargione, J.; Kiesecker, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes
Re-powering Scotland: Wind Farms and the 'Energy or Environment?' Debate Warren, C.; Birnie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Phase 1 - Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia including the Fundy Tidal Energy Demonstration Project Site - Mi’kmaq Ecological Knowledge Study Moore, D.; Hodder, G. Report Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Marine Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Comparison of Life Cycle Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Embodied Energy in Four Renewable Electricity Generation Technologies in New Zealand Rule, B.; Worth, Z.; Boyle, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Spatial and Seasonal Relationships Between Pacific Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) and their Prey, at Multiple Scales Grigg, E.; Klimley, A.; Allen, S.; et al. Journal Article Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
The Politics of Landscape Value: A Case Study of Wind Farm Conflict in Rural Catalonia Zografos, C.; Martinez-Alier, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Life Cycle Assessment of Offshore Wind Electricity Generation in Scandinavia Tveten, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Guidance on Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Renewable Energy Development on Surfing Resources and Recreation Surfers Against Sewage Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Recreation & Tourism
Ecological and Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy Snyder, B.; Kaiser, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
From State-Centered Decision-Making to Participatory Governance – Planning for Offshore Wind Farms and Implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Northern Germany Bruns, A.; Gee, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement
Marine Aquaculture within Offshore Wind Farms: Social Aspects of Multiple-Use Planning Michler-Cieluch, T.; Krause, G.; Buck, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Where Are All the People? A Study on the Integration of Socioeconomics and Marine Conservation Planning Feldman, L. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Preferences of Coastal Zone User Groups Regarding the Siting of Offshore Wind Farms Ladenburg, J.; Dubgaard, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Offshore and Coastal Renewable Energy: Potential Ecological Benefits and Impacts of Large-scale Offshore and Coastal Renewable Energy Projects Linley, A.; Laffont, K.; Wilson, B.; et al. Report Marine Energy Ecosystem Processes
Marine Spatial Planning: A Step-by-Step Approach toward Ecosystem-based Management Ehler, C.; Douvere, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Marine Spatial Planning, Human Dimensions
Assessing the determinants of local acceptability of wind-farm investment: A choice experiment in the Greek Aegean Islands Dimitropoulos, A.; Kontoleon, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Understanding and Managing Human Threats to the Coastal Marine Environment Crain, C.; Halpern, B.; Beck, M.; et al. Journal Article Chemicals, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Wind Power Guidelines Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Visual impact evaluation of a wind park in a Greek island Tsoutsos, T.; Tsouchlaraki, A.; Tsiropoulos, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Proposal to Permit Take Provided Under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act Gould, R. Report Wind Energy Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Development of Spatial Information Layers for Commercial Fishing and Shellfishing in UK Waters to Support Strategic Siting of Offshore Windfarms Dunstone, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Life Cycle Assessment of a Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbine Martínez, E.; Sanz, F.; Pellegrin, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Involving the Public in the Impact Assessment of Offshore Renewable Energy Facilities Portman, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Stakeholder Engagement, Human Dimensions
Positive Planning for Onshore Wind Expanding Onshore Wind Energy Capacity while Conserving Nature Bowyer, C.; Baldock, D.; Tucker, G.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes
An immersive path-based study of wind turbines' landscape: A French case in Plouguin Jallouli, J.; Moreau, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Hong Kong Offshore Wind Farm in Southeastern Waters - Environmental Impact Assessment Hong Kong Offshore Wind Limited Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Life cycle assessment of a floating offshore wind turbine Weinzettel, J.; Reenaas, M.; Solli, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Welcoming the Wind? Determinants of Wind Power Development Among U.S. States Bohn, C.; Lant, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Cape Wind Final Environmental Impact Statement US Minerals Management Service (MMS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring Degraer, S.; Brabant, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Reflections on Integrating Operations and Maintenance Activities of Offshore Wind Farms and Mariculture Michler-Cieluch, T.; Krause, G.; Buck, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Speaking up: Killer whales (Orcinus orca) increase their call amplitude in response to vessel noise Holt, M.; Noren, D.; Veirs, V.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Public attitudes and participation in wind turbine development Coleby, A.; Miller, D.; Aspinall, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Development and validation of a multicriteria indicator for the assessment of objective aesthetic impact of wind farms Sibille, A.; Cloquell-Ballester, V.; Darton, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts

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