Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Life-cycle impacts of wind energy development on bird diversity in Norway May, R.; Jackson, C.; Middel, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Characterization of Impact Pile Driving Signals and Fin Whale Vocalizations at the Block Island Wind Farm Site Amaral, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Modeling At-Sea Density of Marine Birds to Support Renewable Energy Planning on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf of the Contiguous United States Leirness, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals
Eagles enter rotor-swept zones of wind turbines at rates that vary per turbine McClure, C.; Rolek, B.; Braham, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Residency, demographics, and movement patterns of North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis in an offshore wind energy development area in southern New England, USA Quintana-Rizzo, E.; Leiter, S.; Cole, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Experimental and numerical aeroacoustic analysis of an ultrasound whistle Zeng, Z.; Sharma, A. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Bats
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects California State Lands Commission Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts
Evidence of Absence Regression: A Binomial N-Mixture Model for Estimating Bird and Bat Fatalities at Wind Power Facilities McDonald, T.; Bay, K.; Studyvin, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Map-like use of Earth’s magnetic field in sharks Keller, B.; Putnam, N.; Grubbs, R.; et al. Journal Article EMF Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Sea Lice Are Sensitive to Low Frequency Sounds Solé, M.; Lenoir, M.; Fortuno, J-M.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Conservation Organizations Comments on June 21, 2021 OSW Workshop Cullum, L.; Hislop, K.; Aylesworth, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals
2021 Northeast Spring Bottom Trawl Survey Completed NOAA Fisheries Website Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Atlantic deepwater ecosystem observatory network: Patterns of acoustic backscatter and community structure of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Miksis-Olds, J.; Warren, J.; Blair, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals
Wind turbine event detection by support vector machine Hu, C.; Albertani, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds
Offshore wind turbine operations and maintenance: A state-of-the-art review Ren, Z.; Verma, A.; Li, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Atlantic Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species: FY15 – FY19 Palka, D.; Aichinger Dias, L.; Broughton, E.; et al. Report Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Migrating whooping cranes avoid wind-energy infrastructure when selecting stopover habitat Pearse, A.; Metzger, K.; Brandt, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Shorebirds
New England Wind COP Appendix II-H: 2016-2020 Benthic Reports Epsilon Associates Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Demographic and potential biological removal models identify raptor species sensitive to current and future wind energy Diffendorfer, J.; Stanton, J.; Beston, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Relative energy production determines effect of repowering on wildlife mortality at wind energy facilities Huso, M.; Conkling, T.; Dalthorp, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Hydrodynamic Modeling, Particle Tracking and Agent-Based Modeling of Larvae in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight Johnson, T.; van Berkel, J.; Mortensen, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Land use for United States power generation: A critical review of existing metrics with suggestions for going forward Wachs, E.; Engel, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Wind energy's bycatch: Offshore wind deployment impacts on hydropower operation and migratory fish Pfeiffer, O.; Nock, D.; Baker, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
California Deepwater Investigations and Groundtruthing (Cal DIG) I, Volume 1: Biological Site Characterization Offshore Morro Bay Kuhnz, L.; Gilbane, L.; Cochrane, G.; et al. Report Wind Energy Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A pathway for citizen science data to inform policy: A case study using eBird data for defining low-risk collision areas for wind energy development Ruiz-Gutierrez, V.; Bjerre, E.; Otto, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Wildlife Mortality in Wind Turbine Transformer Basins Meyer, S.; Matlack, R.; Ray, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
South Fork Wind Farm Construction and Operations Plan Ørsted; Eversource Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Adaptive management to improve eagle conservation at terrestrial wind facilities New, L.; Simonis, J.; Otto, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Optimistic with reservations: The impacts of the United States' first offshore wind farm on the recreational fishing experience Smythe, T.; Bidwell, D.; Tyler, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Behavioral patterns of bats at a wind turbine confirm seasonality of fatality risk Goldenberg, S.; Cryan, P.; Gorresen, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement Bats
Wind turbine blade material in the United States: Quantities, costs, and end-of-life options Cooperman, A.; Eberle, A.; Lantz, E. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
ThruTracker: Open-Source Software for 2-D and 3-D Animal Video Tracking Corcoran, A.; Schirmacher, M.; Black, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Ocean Justice: Strategies for an Equitable Implementation of North Carolina’s Offshore Wind Industry Schroeger, J. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Field testing an “acoustic lighthouse”: Combined acoustic and visual cues provide a multimodal solution that reduces avian collision risk with tall human-made structures Boycott, T.; Mullis, S.; Jackson, B.; et al. Journal Article Collision Birds
Guidelines for Lighting and Marking of Structures Supporting Renewable Energy Development Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Lighting Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Resource Occurrence and Productivity in Existing and Proposed Wind Energy Lease Areas on the Northeast US Shelf Friedland, K.; Methratta, E.; Gill, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Invertebrates
Predicting migration routes for three species of migratory bats using species distribution models Wieringa, J.; Carstens, B.; Gibbs, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Near-term ecological forecasting for dynamic aeroconservation of migratory birds Horton, K.; Van Doren, B.; Albers, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Lighting Birds, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Megafauna Aerial Surveys in the Wind Energy Areas of Massachusetts and Rhode Island with Emphasis on Large Whales: Interim Report Campaign 6A, 2020 O'Brien, O.; McKenna, K.; Pendleton, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Supporting National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Energy Development Related to Avian Species Research Fernandez, K.; Middleton, P.; Salerno, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Assessment of Seascape, Landscape, and Visual Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Developments on the Outer Continental Shelf of the United States Sullivan, R. Report Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Development and testing of a three-dimensional ballistics model for bat strikes on wind turbines Prakash, S.; Markfort, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Predicting Bald Eagle Collision at Wind Energy Facilities Nasman, K.; Bay, K.; Mattson, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Bats (Chiroptera) of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah and Arizona Carpenter, G.; Pilkington, L.; Levorse, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Bats
Vineyard Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 Pearse, A.; Sherfy, M.; Wimer, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment
Eagle fatalities are reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines McClure, C.; Rolek, B.; Dunn, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Review of the Impacts to Marine Fauna from Electromagnetic Frequencies (EMF) Generated by Energy Transmitted through Undersea Electric Transmission Cables Bilinski, J. Report Wind Energy EMF
Field Observations During Offshore Wind Structure Installation and Operation (Maryland Offshore Wind and Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind) Amaral, J.; Ampela, K.; Frankel, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
ROSA Offshore Wind Project Monitoring Framework and Guidelines ROSA Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning

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