Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Reduced survival in a soaring bird breeding in wind turbine proximity along the northern Baltic Sea coast Nebel, C.; Stjernberg, T.; Tikkanen, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Assessing exposure to wind turbines of a migratory raptor through its annual life cycle across continents Assandri, G.; Bazzi, G.; Bermejo-Bermejo, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
Long-term impacts of the Smøla wind farm on a local population of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) Stokke, B.; Dahl, E.; Kleven, O.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Wind farms and Griffon Vultures: Evidence that under certain conditions history is not-always turbulent Farfan, M.; Díaz-Ruiz, F.; Duarte, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Wind turbines in managed forests partially displace common birds Rehling, F.; Delius, A.; Ellerbrok, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Large soaring raptors vs wind turbines development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S.; Braunisch, V.; Arlettaz, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Recovery of raptors from displacement by wind farms – a response Santos, C.; Marques, A.; May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
Using radar technology to assess visual monitoring accuracy of Cape Vulture movements Becker, F.; Millikin, R.; Leslie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Wind turbines cause functional habitat loss for migratory soaring birds Marques, A.,; Santos, C.; Hanssen, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Raptors
A long‐term assessment of raptor displacement at a wind farm Dohm, R.; Jennelle, C.; Garvin, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
Assessment of Potential Risks from Renewable Energy Development and Other Anthropogenic Factors to Wintering Golden Eagles in the Western United States Craig, E. ; Fuller, Mark.; Craig, T.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California Terrill, S.; Howell, J.; Smith, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
The energy landscape predicts flight height and wind turbine collision hazard in three species of large soaring raptor Peron, G.; Fleming, C.; Duriez, O.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Raptors, Birds
Telemetric Monitoring of Montagu’s Harrier in Schleswig-Holstein Grajetzky, B.; Nehls, G. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Impacts of Wind Turbines on the Population and Nest Site Selection of the Montagu’s Harrier in the Hellweg Börde, North Rhine-Westphalia Joest, R.; Griesenbrock, B.; Illner, H. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Raptors, Birds
Effects of Individuals Lost Due to Wind Turbines on the Time of Occupying a Territory, the Survival of Breeding Territories and the Breeding Success of White-Tailed Sea Eagles (Case Studies) Grunkorn, T.; Nehls, G. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Green Dilemma of Wind Farm on Avifauna: Future Ecological Considerations of Wind Energy Expansion in Ethiopia Mulualem, G. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Reproductive output of Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus in relation to wind turbine proximity Fernandez-Bellon, D.; Irwin, S.; Wilson, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide Jones, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Weak Relationship Between Risk Assessment Studies and Recorded Mortality in Wind Farms Ferrer, M.; Lucas, M.; Janss, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Reduced Breeding Success in White-Tailed Eagles at Smøla windfarm, Western Norway, is Caused by Mortality and Displacement Dahl, E.; Bevanger, K.; Nygård, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Effects of wind farms and food scarcity on a large scavenging bird species following an epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy Martinez-Abrain, A.; Tavecchia, G.; Regan, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Effects of Weather on Avian Migration at Proposed Ridgeline Wind Energy Sites Thomas, P.; Labrosse, A.; Pomeroy, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Avian, Bat and Habitat Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Of Eastern Washington and Oregon 2011 Johnson, G.; Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L.; Morrison, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: Iberdrola Renewables Iberdrola Renewables Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Eagle Owl and Wind Power development at Karmøy, Western Norway Rov, N.; Jacobsen, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
A Review of the Impacts of Wind Farms on Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus and an Estimation of Collision Avoidance Rates Whitfield, D.; Madders, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
The Effect of Avoidance Rates on Bird Mortality Predictions Made by Wind Turbine Collision Risk Models Chamberlain, D.; Rehfisch, M.; Fox, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Waterfowl, Seabirds, Raptors, Birds
Impacts of Wind Farms on Birds in Evros and Rhodopi, Greece: Preliminary results Ruiz, G.; Poirazidis, K.; Schindler, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Behavioural and Environmental Correlates of Soaring-Bird Mortality at On-Shore Wind Turbines Barrios, L.; Rodríguez, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Developing Methods To Reduce Bird Mortality In The Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Smallwood, K.; Thelander, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A Pilot Golden Eagle Population Study in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area California Predatory Bird Research Group Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors

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