Knowledge Base - Wind Energy

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

As an alternative to the Knowledge Base, check out the Map Viewer to access geotagged content in a spatial view.

Searches title, abstract, authors, and organization.
Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Behavior of Scandinavian Bats During Migration and Foraging at Sea Ahlén, I.; Baagøe, H.; Bach, L. Journal Article Bats
Bats on the move Popa-Lisseanu, A.; Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
The Effect of Signal Duration on the Underwater Hearing Thresholds of Two Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) for Single Tonal Signals Between 0.2 and 40 kHz Kastelein, R.; Hoek, L.; Wensveen, P.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Studying The Behaviour And Sensory Ecology Of Marine Mammals Using Acoustic Recording Tags: A Review Johnson, M.; Soto, N.; Madsen, P. Journal Article Marine Mammals
Acoustic Masking In Marine Ecosystems: Intuitions, Analysis, And Implication Clark, C.; Ellison, W.; Southall, B.; et al. Journal Article Noise Marine Mammals
Anthropogenic and natural sources of ambient noise in the ocean Hildebrand, J. Journal Article Noise
Effects Of Ambient And Boat Noise On Hearing And Communication In Three Fish Species Living In A Marine Protected Area (Miramare, Italy) Codarin, A.; Wysocki, L.; Ladich, F.; et al. Journal Article Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Marine Renewable Energy: Potential Benefits to Biodiversity? An Urgent Call for Research Inger, R.; Attrill, M.; Bearhop, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Ecosystem Processes
Basic Mechanisms in Pinniped Vision Hanke, F.; Hanke, W.; Scholtyssek, C.; et al. Journal Article Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
What is the Impact of Wind Farms on Birds? A Case Study in Southern Spain Farfan, M.; Vargas, J.; Duarte, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds
Geographic Variation in Activity and Fatality of Migratory Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Baerwald, E.; Barclay, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Large Scale Risk-Assessment of Wind-Farms on Population Viability of a Globally Endangered Long-Lived Raptor Carrete, M.; Sanchez-Zapata, J.; Benitez, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Raptors, Birds
Causes of Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines: Hypotheses and Predictions Cryan, P.; Barclay, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Differences in bat activity in relation to bat detector height: implications for bat surveys at proposed windfarm sites Collins, J.; Jones, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Comparative life-cycle assessment of a small wind turbine for residential off-grid use Fleck, B.; Huot, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Life cycle energy and greenhouse emissions analysis of wind turbines and the effect of size on energy yield Crawford, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Life Cycle Assessment, Human Dimensions
Social Movements and Industry Development: The Environmental Movement's Impact on the Wind Energy Industry Vasi, I. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
The Physics Of Geomagnetic-Field Transduction In Animals Winklhofer, M. Journal Article EMF Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Spatial Planning of Offshore Wind Farms: A Windfall to Marine Environmental Protection? Punt, M.; Groeneveld, R.; Van Ierland, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Marine Spatial Planning, Human Dimensions
Challenges and Solutions of Remote Sensing at Offshore Wind Energy Developments Kelly, T.; West, T.; Davenport, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds
Modelling Human Impacts on the Tasmanian Wedge-Tailed Eagle (Aquila audax fleayi) Bekessy, S.; Wintle, B.; Gordon, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Raptors, Birds
Map-Based Repowering and Reorganization of a Wind Resource Area to Minimize Burrowing Owl and Other Bird Fatalities Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Bell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals Miller, J.; Potty, G.; Raposa, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Life cycle analysis of 4.5 MW and 250 W wind turbines Tremeac, B.; Meunier, F. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Wave Power Potential along the Atlantic Coast of the Southeastern USA Defne, Z.; Haas, K.; Fritz, H. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wave
A Comparison of Offshore Wind Power Development in Europe and the US: Patterns and Drivers of Development Snyder, B.; Kaiser, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Collision Risk of Birds with Modern Large Wind Turbines Krijgsveld, K.; Akershoek, K.; Schenk, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Effects of Hydrographic and Meteorological Factors on Seasonal Seabird Abundance in the Southern North Sea Garthe, S.; Markones, N.; Hüppop, O.; et al. Journal Article Seabirds, Birds
Combining Vessel-Based Surveys and Tracking Data to Identify Key Marine Areas for Seabirds Louzao, M.; Bécares, J.; Rodríguez, B.; et al. Journal Article Birds, Seabirds
The Distribution of Breeding Birds around Upland Wind Farms Pearce-Higgins, J.; Stephen, L.; Langston, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Birds
Weight-of-evidence evaluation in environmental assessment: Review of qualitative and quantitative approaches Linkov, I.; Loney, D.; Cormier, S.; et al. Journal Article Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L.; Morrison, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Avian and Bat Fatality Rates at Old-Generation and Repowered Wind Turbines in California Smallwood, K.; Karas, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds, Bats
A Large-Scale Mitigation Experiment to Reduce Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities Baerwald, E.; Edworthy, J.; Holder, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
An Investigation of the Wind Induced Background Sound Levels in Rural Areas for Existing and Proposed Wind Farms Bonsma, I.; Munro, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise
Integrated Assessment of Coastal and Marine Changes Using the Example of Offshore Wind Farms: the Coastal Futures Approach Kannen, A.; Burkhard, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Energy Sprawl or Energy Efficiency: Climate Policy Impacts on Natural Habitat for the United States of America McDonald, R.; Fargione, J.; Kiesecker, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes
Adjustments of Wingbeat Frequency and Air Speed to Air Density in Free-Flying Migratory Birds Schmaljohann, H.; Liechti, F. Journal Article Birds
Re-powering Scotland: Wind Farms and the 'Energy or Environment?' Debate Warren, C.; Birnie, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
Local Effects of Blue Mussels Around Turbine Foundations in an Ecosystem Model of Nysted Off-Shore Wind Farm, Denmark Maar, M.; Bolding, K.; Petersen, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates
Comparison of Life Cycle Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Embodied Energy in Four Renewable Electricity Generation Technologies in New Zealand Rule, B.; Worth, Z.; Boyle, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
The Aversive Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on Foraging Bats - A Possible Means of Discouraging Bats from Approaching Wind Turbines Nicholls, B.; Racey, P. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF Bats
The Aversive Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on Foraging Bats—A Possible Means of Discouraging Bats from Approaching Wind Turbines Nicholls, B.; Racey, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, EMF Bats
Spatial and Seasonal Relationships Between Pacific Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) and their Prey, at Multiple Scales Grigg, E.; Klimley, A.; Allen, S.; et al. Journal Article Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
The Politics of Landscape Value: A Case Study of Wind Farm Conflict in Rural Catalonia Zografos, C.; Martinez-Alier, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Mechanics of the Right Whale Mandible: Full Scale Testing and Finite Element Analysis Tsukrov, I.; DeCew, J.; Baldwin, K.; et al. Journal Article Vessel Strike Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Economic comparison of VSC HVDC and HVAC as transmission system for a 300 MW offshore wind farm Eeckhout,B.; Hertem, D.; Reza, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF
Avoidance Behavior by Prairie Grouse: Implications for Development of Wind Energy Pruett, C.; Patten, M.; Wolfe, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Avian Sensitivity to Mortality: Prioritising Migratory Bird Species for Assessment at Proposed Wind Farms Desholm, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Ecological and Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy Snyder, B.; Kaiser, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data

Displaying 1 - 50 of 100